Effect Of Fallow Tillage On Soil Quality,wheat Yield And Quality Of Dryland Wheat Field

For clear tillage on soil physical and chemical properties and soil quality,this test in 2018-2020 for two consecutive years in shanxi agricultural university,shanxi wenxi dryland wheat experiment demonstration base to carry out field trials,the leisure period no-till model(NT),deep loosening(ST)and modes of the commune(PT)of dryland crop soil quality and wheat yield,quality,improve the soil quality evaluation system in the study area,the effective guide agricultural practice.The main results are as follows:(1)Tillage in fallow period improves soil structure.After tillage in the fallow period,soil bulk density in 0-50 cm soil layer decreased,total porosity and capillary porosity increased,soil mass water content increased by 6%-28% before sowing,soil water storage in 0-200 cm soil layer increased by 30-47 mm before sowing,and soil water storage efficiency increased by 24%-39%.Compared with the deep soiling model,the deep overturning model significantly reduced the bulk density of 20-30 cm soil at mature stage by 5.7%,and increased the total porosity of 10-30 cm soil by 8%-20%.(2)Fallow tillage improved soil chemical properties and soil fertility.Tillage in fallow stage increased soil organic matter content in 0-30 cm soil,ammonium nitrogen content in 10-20 cm soil,alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen content in 10-40 cm soil,available phosphorus content in 0-50 cm soil and available potassium content in 0-30 cm soil at mature stage.Compared with the deep soiling model,the contents of organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,alkali-hydrolysed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in0-30 cm soil at the mature stage were significantly increased in the deep cropping model.(3)Tillage in fallow period can activate soil and increase soil microbial biomass carbon content and enzyme activity.Tillage at fallow stage significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon content,urease activity,phosphatase activity,sucrase activity and catalase activity in 0-40 cm soil at mature stage.Compared with the deep loosening pattern,the deep cropping pattern significantly increased the soil microbial biomass carbon content and soil urease activity in 0-30 cm soil,alkaline phosphatase activity in10-30 cm soil,invertase activity in 10-20 cm soil and catalase activity in 10-30 cm soil at mature stage.(4)0 to 10 cm was determined by the principal component analysis of principal component for soil organic matter content and activity of catalase,10-20 cm soil principal component for capillary porosity,urease activity and available phosphorus content,20-30 cm soil principal component for the capillary porosity and soil organic matter content,30 to 40 cm soil principal component for ammonium nitrogen content and organic matter content,40-50 cm soil principal component for alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content and effective phosphorus content.The nonlinear evaluation results of the minimum dataset showed that tillage significantly increased the soil quality index of 10-50 cm at mature stage by 6%-61% during fallow period,and the soil quality index of 10-30 cm at mature stage was significantly increased by5.5%-7.2% under deep plowing mode compared with deep soiling mode.(5)Fallow tillage significantly increased the number of ears,yield,water use efficiency,grain gluten content,protein yield,starch viscosity and regenesis value of wheat grains in dryland by 10%-22%,15%-25%,9%-12%,4.5%-5.9%,19.2%-30.3%,and the final viscosity and setback wheat grains in dryland.Increase the gluten index,wet gluten content and weakening degree of flour.And deep flipping mode is better.In conclusion,tillage in the fallow period loosens the soil,improves soil enzyme activity and activates soil nutrients,which contributes to the improvement of soil quality index,moreover,the nonlinear scoring model based on the minimum data set is more suitable for soil quality assessment in this area.In addition,tillage in fallow period is beneficial to improve wheat yield and quality in dryland,and deep cropping pattern is superior to deep soiling pattern in this study area.