| Soil testing and formulated fertilization can reduce the damage to the soil and environment pollution, and also to prevent the luxury absorption of plant, and also to stabilize the grain yield, it serves multiple purposes, has great guiding significance for real work. Jilin Province is a big agricultural province. Maize and rice are main grain crops. They play an important role in agricultural production. Popularizing soil testing and formulated fertilization is an important way to realize "improving quality, saving cost and increasing benefit".This paper analyzed the effect of the soil testing and formulated fertilization on the utilization rate of fertilizer in maize and rice in recent years based on our investigation and research. We provided guidance for practical work, based on the theoretical study of the literature, the comprehensive and rational explain of the meaning of data. The study filled the gaps in the province, played a role in promoting and guiding the work in future. The main conclusions of this study are as follows.(1) Formula fertilization significantly increased nutrient uptake of maize and rice per 100 kgIn the conventional fertilization area, the nutrient uptake of maize and rice per 100 kg was higher than that of the non-fertilizer area. The N, P and K fertilizers of maize were 11.0%, 6.5% and 5.4% higher than those of the non-fertilizer area respectively, and the N, P and K fertilizers of rice were7.7%, 4.7% and 4.7% respectively. The nutrient uptake of maize and rice per 100 kg in formula fertilization area was higher than that of non-fertilizer area, and the N,P and K fertilizers of maize were 15.3%, 9.7% and 4.8% higher than those of the control, and those of the rice were 8.7%, 2.1% and 1.9% higher than those of the control.(2) The increase rate of maize nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate in eastern Jilin was lower than that in central and western, and the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer was higher in eastern Jilin Province than that in central and western Jilin, and the increase rate of potassium fertilizer utilization was the lowest in western Jilin.(3) The utilization rate of N, P and K fertilizers in maize formula fertilization were significantly higher than those in conventional fertilization. The nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of formula fertilizers in White pulp soil was highest as 46.9%, and the increase rate was 7.8% as highest compared to conventional fertilization. The phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate of formula fertilizers in dark brown soil was highest as 22.0%, and the increase rate was 11.2% in meadow soil as highest compared to conventional fertilization.The highest percentage of potassium fertilizer utilization increasing rate was 6.1% in meadow soil, and the lowest potassium fertilizer utilization rate in black soil was 45.6%.(4)The utilization rate of N, P and K fertilizers in rice formula fertilization were significantly higher than those in conventional fertilization. The nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of formula fertilizers in paddy soil was highest as 32.8%, and the increase rate was 8.61% as highest compared to conventional fertilization. The phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate of formula fertilizers in Newly Accumulated soil was highest as 22.1%, and the increase rate was 9.7% as highest compared to conventional fertilization in Chernozem. The highest percentage of potassium fertilizer utilization rate was 55.1% in Newly Accumulated soil, and the increase rate was 7.9% as highest compared to conventional fertilization in paddy soil.(5) Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment, the utilization rate of maize nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were increased by 5.7, 2.1 and 1.6 percentage point respectively, and the utilization rate of rice nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were increased by 5.3, 4.5 and 2.7 percentage point.According to the results of this experiment, the suggested fertilization interval for maize nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per hectare is 150-200 kg, 60-90 kg, 70-90 kg respectively; The suggested fertilization interval for rice nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per hectare is 130-170 kg, 50-70 kg, and 60-80 kg. The fertilization suggestions are basically in accordance with scientific fertilization guidance of soil and fertilizer terminus of Jilin Province published in 2016. |
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