Effect Of Replant Soil On The Growth Of Different Apple Cultivars

Effects of replant soil on the different young apple trees with the same stock and different orchard soil on the young apple trees were studied.Five apple cultivars(Yanfu3,Red General,Fuji2001,Miyakiji,Shoufu1)had been grafted on ‘M.hupehensis Rehd.' stocks and planted in pot with replant soil.The same quantities of five apple cultivars were planted in sterilized soil as control.The dynamic changes of plant growth,chlorophyll content,leaf antioxidant activity,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and endogenous hormone content of shoot tip were determined.Fluorescent parameters,leaf mineral nutrient content and leaf proteome difference also had been determined.The test of effects of different orchard soil on the young apple trees,Yanfu3 and Gala had been grafted on ‘M.hupehensis Rehd.' stocks and planted in pot with different orchard soil(apple orchard soil,peach orchard soil,hawthorn orchard soil),the same quantities of plants were planted in sterilized soil as control.The dynamic changes of plant growth,chlorophyll content,leaf antioxidant activity,the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and endogenous hormone content of shoot tip were determined.Fluorescent parameters and leaf mineral nutrient content also had been determined.The main results were as follows:1.There were different effects of the replant soil on the different cultivars growth.Compared with sterilized soil(control),the growth and(ZR+IAA+GA)/ABA of Fuji 2001 and Miyakiji had smaller differences,and Shoufu1 showed greater difference.2.Leaf SOD activity of those apple cultivars in replant soil were lower than that of the controls.From July to September,Fuji 2001 was reduced 40.24%,20.96%,18.16% than the control,and the gap with control becomes small;Yanfu3,Red General,Miyakiji,Shoufu1 were much significantly lower than their controls.Leaf POD activity was increased first and then decreased over the time.In August and September,Fuji 2001 and Miyakiji were average reduced 3.02% and 5.76%,there were no significant differences with their controls,Yanfu3,Red General and Shoufu1 were always significantly lower than their controls from July to September.The leaf CAT activity in Miyakiji was higher than other cultivars,it was 27.21% higher than the control in August;the leaf CAT activity of other cultivars were all significantly lower than that of their controls.3.Under the conditions of continuous cropping,the net photosynthetic rate of Yanfu3 and Red General were significantly lower than their controls from July to September,Shoufu1 was significantly lower than the control all the time,and others had no significant differences.Fuji 2001 and Miyakiji had no significant differences in fluorescent parameters with controls;Yanfu3,Red General and Shoufu1 were significant higher in NPQ than their controls.The contents of Mg and Mn in leaves of Fuji2001 were significantly lower than the control;the contents of Mg,Mn and Zn in leaves of Miyakiji were significantly lower than the control;the contents of Fe,Mn and Zn in leaves of Yanfu3 were significantly lower than the control;the contents of Ca and Mn in leaves of Red General were significantly lower than the control;the contents of Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn and Zn in leaves of Shoufu1 were significantly lower than the control.4.There were totally 184 different protein expression of Fuji2001 and Shoufu1,among them,the protein expression of Fuji2001/Shoufu1 had 144 up regulated and 40 down regulated.There are 20 up regulated proteins related to defense mechanisms,1up regulated protein related to photosynthesis,1up regulated protein related to signal transduction,2 up regulated protein related to transportation.Differential proteins between Fuji2001 and Shoufu1 were classified different categories,and found that there were 13 proteins related to secondary metabolites biosynthesis,transport and catabolism in the leaves of Fuji2001.5.There were different effects of the different orchard soil on the apple trees growth,apple orchard soil had the greatest effect,peach orchard soil took second place,while hawthorn orchard soil showing the least effect.Replant soil could increase the ABA content and decrease the ZR,IAA and GA contents of the stem tip.The values of(ZR+IAA+GA)/ABA of apple trees' stem tip which planted in hawthorn orchard soil had the smaller differences,there was a positive correlation between growth and the values of(ZR+IAA+GA)/ABA.6.In these groups of experiments,leaf SOD activity of apple orchard soil had the largest effect,peach orchard soil took second place;Yanfu3 had the highest differences in leaf POD activity and leaf CAT activity which was planted in peach orchard soil,and apple orchard soil took second place;leaf POD and CAT activity of Gala was just the opposite: apple orchard soil had highest differences,and peach orchard soil took second place.7.Compared with the control,the greatest effect of leaves' net photosynthetic rate was apple orchard soil,the minimum impact was hawthorn orchard replant soil.The effects of apple orchard soil and peach orchard soil on the ?PS??qP?Fv/Fm?ETR of Yanfu3 and Gala were greatly,while leaves' NPQ of peach orchard soil was significant higher than the control.The contents of Fe,Mn and Zn in leaf of hawthorn orchard soil were significantly lower than the control;the contents of Ca and Mg in leaf of peach orchard soil were significantly lower than the control.