The Delimitation And Population Growth And Decline Research Of Protogyne And Deutogyne Of Eriophyoid Mites(Acari:Eriophyidae)

Eriophyoid mite is the smallest kind of spider mites in agricultural and forestry pests which is distribution in the world.A few species of eriophyoid mites have two forms:deutogyne and protogyne.And the identification of deutogyne is same as normal eriophyoid mites which is based on female.As the special existence of deutogyne,it is best to describe the male mite and life cycle together which make the result more convincing.According to the principle of defining species,it is best to have a hybrid experimental data to determine a new species.Unfortunately,there are few scholars to conduct hybridization test for the tiny individual of eriophyoid mites.A few eriophyoid mites have two forms of adult female,called protogyne and deutogyne.The latter form is thought to increase survival under unfavorable conditions.The two forms have distinct morphological characters,which often cause them to be recognized as two different species.Molecular species delimitation provides a useful tool to solve these misunderstandings.Here we describe a new species of eriophyoid mite,Tegolophus celtis sp.nov.,that has protogyne and deutogyne forms infesting an ornamental tree,Celtis sinensis Pers.(Ulmaceae)in China.The two forms can be easily differentiated by body shape(fusiform and triangular,respectively)and body color(light yellow and red,respectively).The putative protogyne and deutogyne forms of T.celtis were identified by using fragments of three genes,a mitochondrial gene(COI)and two nuclear genes(18S rRNA and 28S rRNA).Kimura-2-parameter distances of these three fragmental sequences were between 0.0 and 0.9.Phylogenetic topologies strongly support the occurrence of the protogyne and deutogyne forms with high bootstrap and Bayesian values.The population structure of T.celtis changed with the seasons,with duetogynes being most abundant in summer and protogynes being most abundant in spring.The new species described herein are vagrants on their host plants.Deutogyne was seem to no need in deciduous evergreen plants,such as conifer trees.Different characteristics between protogyne and deutogyne,which often made them to be identified as two different species.On the contrary,two different species might be mistaken as deutogyne and protogyne of one species.Such as Epitrimerus sabinae Xue&Hong,2005.This study used mitochondrial gene(COI)and nuclear genes(28SrRNA)to determine the deutogyne of Epitrimerus sabinae Xue,2005.The results show that the two fragments of K2P genetic distance in up to 36%?the phylogenetic topology analysis results support the deutogyne and protogyne of Epitrimerus sabinae Xue,2005 are from two species.In a word,since the existence of deutogyne in eriophyoid mites,it is a challenge to simple morphological classification.The combination of morphological characteristics and molecular characteristics will provide more reliable evidence for accurate identification of mite.