| Granular compound fertilizer is an important agricultural resource, widely used as fertilizers for crops in rice paddies, economic forest (tea garden, etc.), and orchards etc. The main fertilization for wooden land and orchards are full applicator, ditching fertilization, fertilizing drilling, etc., because orchards can't be passed easily, large-scale machines can't enter, which results in a lower degree of mechanization, mostly relying on human fertilization, mainly adopting surface fertilization. Granular compound fertilizer volatile easily resulting in the lower fertilizer utilization rate of surface fertilization, fertilizing so mechanization of fertilization for orchards and the use efficiency of fertilizer need to be improved.To solve this problem, based on a large number of documents collected, the present study introduced the current situation at home and abroad of mechanization of fertilization for orchards, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages and limitations of various kinds of fertilizer machine for orchards, discussed mechanized fertilize methods and development trend of hole dig fertilization.To solve the problem of low fertilizer utilization rate, besides, fertilizer machinery can't get through orchards easily, The method of deeply fertilizing granular fertilizer in dug holes is proposed. A small-type hole-dig and fertilize machinery for granular fertilizer digging is designed. To realize hole-dig and fertilize procedure, a machine with spiral auger for the digging work, scissor lift mechanism as vertical lift components, and small gasoline-powered, sheaves fertilize as dig component is designed; the properties of granular compound fertilizer have been analyzed, which provided the data about bulk density?particle size distribution range, angle of repose of granular compound fertilizer, which are 1.01 g/cm3?2.5?4.1mm?32.1° respectively.The optimal Structural parameters of spiral are obtained through static and dynamic mechanical analysis. the optimal structure parameters of chassis and fertilizer tank are gained through finite static analysis of chassis and fertilizer tank. The kinetic modal analysis of undercarriage tells when the speed of hole dig mechanism is 0-690 r/min. it can avoid resonance with undercarriage; granular fertilizer deeply fertilize machine was made and the the verification test of the machine is done, which tells that fertilization average accuracy rates were 95.8%,96.4%,96.7%,96.3%,97.2% in quantitative fertilization experiments of the amount of fertilizer of 200 g,400 g,600 g,800 g, 1000 g, which meets the orchard hole dig-fertilizing operations. Errors lies in the range of 1.5 to 3.5%,1.7 to 3.7%.1.4 to 3.7%,1.2 to 3.7%, and 1.2 to 2.7%, respectively. When the holes depth are 300 mm,350 mm,400 mm respectively, the average diameter of the top of holes are 207.7 mm, at 207.1 mm,209.9 mm. that of the bottom of holes are 206.3 mm, 204.3 mm.206.1 mm. and average depth of holes are 296.7 mm,345.9 mm,395.4 mm. the diameter error of holes is within 5 mm. the depth error of holes is within 5 mm; digging efficiency were 34.5s,39.6s and 44.1s respectively, which meets the requirements of digging fertilization. Test data provides a technical reference to the industrialization of granular fertilizer deep-fertilizing machines. |
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