| Chitosan oligosaccharide is a degree of 2-10 saccharide residues of β-1,4-linked N-acetamido-D-glucose. It was proved to be nontoxic,biodegradable, and biocompatible and are known to have biological activities. Recently, chitosan oligosaccharide as a strategic bioactive substances supplementation to improve growth performance, improve immunity and antioxidant status, ameliorate intestinal flora balance and alleviate inflammation reaction in fish, poultry and weaning piglets. However, the investigate which the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation in sows is not clear. Thus, the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide on porcine immunity and antioxidant capacity, fetal development, and reproductive performance were determined. Fifty-two York-shire sows were randomly allocated to either the control (CON) or 100 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide treatment (COS) and fed twice daily of a corn-soybean basal diet throughout pregnancy. At d 35 of gestation, six sows form each treatment were randomly selected to collect serum samples by auricular vein puncture, and then slaughted to obtain uteri and conceptuses. After the uterus was obtained and weighted, Ovulation rates [the numbers of CL (Corpora lutea)], total embryos, and live embryos were counted. Additionally, crown-rump length and weights of each fetus were measured, Residual sows fed to forrowing. The results were as follows:1. When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 100 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide increased embryonic survival rate (P<0.05), crown-to-rump length (P<0.01). In addition, tend to increase (P=0.06) viable fetuses weight. However, there were no differences in uterine weight, ovary weight, weight of total fetuses per litter, number of total fetuses, corpora lutea, mummies, fertilized eggs between control group and COS group.2. When compared with control group, sows fed chitosan oligosaccharide had an increased the number of piglets born viable per litter (P<0.05), average birth weight of all piglets born alive (P<0.05), alive born litter weight (P<0.01). Consistently, decreased the number of stillborn and mummified (P<0.05) at birth. However, the total number of piglets born per litter and piglets born alive per litter was not statistical significance.3. When compared with control group, Sows fed the diets added with 100 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide had an increased the concentrations of Leptin at d 35 of gestation(P<0.01) and at d 85 of gestation (P<0.05) in maternal serum. In addition, for the sows given chitosan oligosaccharide could increase the concentrations of maternal serum progesterone and luteinzing hormone at d 35,85 of gestation, but was not statistical significance.4. When compared with control group, sows fed chitosan oligosaccharide had an increased the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-a, IgG (P<0.05) andinterleukin-1, IgM, IgA (P<0.01) in maternal serum at d 35 of gestation. In addition, chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation in sows had an increased the concentrations ofinterleukin-6 (P<0.05), IgG (P<0.01), and tend to increase (P=0.08) the concentrations of IgA in maternal serum at d 85 of gestation. Sows fed chitosan oligosaccharide had an increased the concentrations of IL-10, IgG, IgA(P<0.05)and IgM (P<0.01) at farrowing. Sows fed chitosan oligosaccharide had an increased the concentrations of IgM (P<0.05) and interleukin-10, IgG (P<0.01) in Amniotic fluid at d 35 of gestation.5. When compared with control group, Sows fed the diets added with 100 mg/kg chitosan oligosaccharide had lower MDA content (P<0.05) at 35,85 days of gestation. In addition, T-AOC levels in serum were greater (P<0.05) from sows supplemented with COS at d 35 of gestation. Compared with CON sows, GSH-Px and SOD activities in maternal serum were not affected by chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation.6. When compared with control group, the mRNA expression levels of fetal development related genes (BMP2, BMP4, OB-R, STAT3, FGFR2, and VEGFA) were up-regulated (P<0.05) in dorsal spine and Placental genes (Leptin, VEGFA) were up-regulated (P<0.05) in Chorion from sows supplemented with chitosan oligosaccharide.In summary, Sows fed diet supplementation with chitosan oligosaccharide could ameliorate health condition through improving the antioxidant capacity and immune function, that was beneficed to fatal growth and development; could regulate endocrine status through increasing the concentrations of Leptin, that was contributed to reproductive performance; in addition, could up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of VEGFA in placental and increase placental angiogenesis, that was beneficed to fatal growth, survival and reproductive performance. |
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