| Phyllostachys heterocycla is the most widely distributed, the largest area and the highest economic value of the bamboo species, is one of the most important bamboo resources in China. After recent years of development, Tianquan County has about 200000 acres of Phyllostachys heterocycla forest. However, due to the operation and management is not in place, there are a lot of low output, low output value, low efficiency of Phyllostachys heterocycla.Mulching measures can significantly increase the temperature of the bamboo forest, which is beneficial to the bamboo shoot ahead of time, so that the yield and economic performance of bamboo shoot is obviously improved, and the growth of the bamboo can be improved, so that the productivity of the forest land can be improved. This method has simple operation and outstanding effect, and realizes the recycling utilization of agricultural and forestry wastes.In order to increase the yield and output value of bamboo shoots, and provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of regional sustainable bamboo,in this study, Tianquan County of Ya'an City, the extensive management of Phyllostachys heterocycla forest as the research object, set up 3 kinds of different mulching treatments:Mulching treatment in shoot(F, Coverage in December of the current year, in May, second years after the end of the shoot, remove cover)? Continuous mulching treatment(CF, Coverage in the current year, the following year out of the cover is not clear, retained in the forest)NNon mulching treatment(CK, Control sample plot). Under 3 kinds of different mulching measures, research coverage of Phyllostachys heterocycla plantation soil physical and chemical properties, bamboo plant nutrition elements content and distribution characteristics, bamboo shoots period, yield, nutrient elements and the quality of shoots of influence.The main results were found as follows:(1) F and CF treatment could significantly increase the soil temperature(P<0.05), the soil temperature in the 1-3 month period in 2014 remained stable at 10 ?(13.24??14.54?).At the same time,15cm and 25cm surface soil of the soil temperature increase is greater than the 5cm.F and CF treatment was not significant difference(P>0.05). The soil moisture content of F and CF treatment were higher than that of CK, but the difference was not significant between the 3 treatments(P>0.05).(2) F and CF treatment of soil pH showed a decline in the first increase and then decreased after the annual change trend, but the CK treatment showed a decline in the first increase after the change trend. The 3 treatment of pH was the lowest in May 2014.Fand CF treatment during December 2013 to May 2014, pH less than CK, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05), in May after the pH began to rise, and in August 2014 was significantly higher than CK(P(F)=0.025,P(CF)=0.001). The difference between F and CF treatment was not significant(P>0.05).(3)F, CF, CK treatment of soil organic matter all showed a first rise and fall, and then picked up in the downward trend. F, CF treatment in May 2014 before the change of the same trend, but in May to cover the cover, F treatment of soil organic matter increased significantly, CF treatment has changed smoothly. In August 2014, CF treatment of organic matter was significantly lower than F, CK treatment(P(CK)=0.036,P(F)=0.017), But the difference between CF and F was not significant(P>0.05).(4) CF and F measures can increase the content of soil total nitrogen, soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium in different degrees. The content of total nitrogen in F treatment was significantly higher than that of CK and CF in August 2014 and November(P<0.05). F, CF 2 kinds of mulching measures of soil hydrolysis nitrogen in February 2014 and May, total potassium in August 2014 and November, available potassiumin in February 2014 and August,are significantly higher than CK treatment(P<0.05). Although F and CF were lower than CK, the content of total phosphorusin in forest soil was decreased, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). F, CF treatment in the hydrolyzable nitrogen, total phosphorusin, available phosphorusin, available potassiumin indicators on the difference is not significant(P>0.05).(5) F, CF, CK 3 kinds of treatments, the contents of nutrient elements in bamboo plant size are as follows:bamboo leaf>bamboo branch>bamboo culm; The contents of nutrient elements in different organs were sorted as:in bamboo leaf is N>K>P, in bamboo branch and culm are K>N>P. F treatment significantly increased the content of P inbamboo culm and the content of N in bamboo leaves(P<0.05). CF treatment significantly increased the contents of PK in bamboo culm, the content of NPK in bamboo branch and the content of N in bamboo leaf(P<0.05). F and CF showed significant difference in the content of PKof the bamboobranch and bamboo culm, and in the content of P of the bamboo leaf(P<0.05).(6) Under the mulch of bamboo shoots processing as early as March 8th, but the earliest bamboo shoots under CK treatment for March 27th; Mulching treatment to make the initial stage of the 19d, the shoot out period (33d) is 2.36 times of CK treatment (14d). Mulching treatment significantly increased the number of shoots and the yield of bamboo shoots(P<0.05), the number of shoots increased by 53%, the yield increased by 84%.Mulching treatment significantly increased the water content of bamboo shoots(P<0.05).Mulch treatment increased the average single shoot gross and net weight, edible part weight and edible rate, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).(7)The contents of N, P and K in bamboo shoots under mulching treatment were decreased compared with CK, but only on the P element showed significant(P=0.013). The starch content in bamboo shoots was significantly increased by mulching treatment (P=0.003). The mulch treatments improved the tannins, reducing sugar and fat content in bamboo shoots, reduced protein content, but the difference were not significant(P>0.05). The ash content and CK were not different.In conclusion, mulching measureswas helpful to improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase plant nutrient content, and significantly improve the yield of bamboo shoot, which would not have a bad effect on the quality of bamboo shoots. The mulching treatment in shoot was higher than that continuous mulching treatment, and the soil organic matter and pH decreased after the cover was effectively improved. Therefore, In future of bamboo forest management can be considered a reasonable coverage measures to achieve the soil heat and soil moisture conservation, bamboo shoots early germination, and improve the soil fertility.Recommended to take the covered in the shoots after removing the cover of bamboo of the way to achieve the efficient and sustainable management of Phyllostachys heterocycla. |
PDF Full Text Request