Effect Of Traditional Chinese Medicine And Probiotics On Gut Microbiomes And Growth In Broilers Under Heat Stress

The study investigated the effect of the traditional Chinese compound medicine and probiotic on growth performance, blood biochemical, heat shock protein, cortisol, and gut microbiotain broilers under heat stress. We aimed to discuss furtherthe mechanism of traditional Chinese compound medicine and probiotic to alleviate heat stress and explore the influence of gut microbiota to organism.1-day-old female commercial stock lingnan yellow broilers were normally feeding to14-day old. Then 180 healthly and evenly female broilers and were randomly allocated to four groups, set respectively in two environments, thermoneutral zone(24~26 ?):thermoneutralgroup(basic diet, watered normaly); heat stress zone(34~38 ?): Chines medicine group(basic diet, watered addition 0.5% of traditional Chinese compound medicine decoction with 1g/m L), probioticgroup(basic diet, watered addition 0.02% of probiotic), heatstressgroup(basic diet, watered normaly). Theemptily stomach weight and feed intake of broilers was recorded at the 1d, 14 d and 28 day. Each group were randomly taken six broilers for blood sampling to detect the indexes of blood biochemistry, heat shock protein 70 levels and cortisol levels on 1d?3d?7d?14d?28d. Cecum contents were collected afterwards forgene composition analysis by Illumina Miseq sequencing. Each group selected randomly 3 broilersfor observation the organize morphology observation.The results revealed as follows:1. The OTU numbers in heatstressgroup were higher with thermoneutralgroup on3~28d. Tags numbers in Chinesemedicinegroup were higher with heatstressgroup and thermoneutralgroup on 28 d.With growth of broilers, the OTU number, Tags number, Chao1 index and Shannon index increased. The OTU number, Chao1 index, Shannon index increased as the heat stress time remaining.2. By the analysis of PCA and PCo A, longer duration of heat stress, the gut microbiota begin to deviate from the thermoneutral temperature, the obvious effect of Chinesemedicine group and probioticgroup increased with time gradually. With growth of broilers,the gut microbiota have individual difference in the sample group3. Heat stress decreased the abundance ratio of Bacteroide, Faecalibacterium,Oscillospira, Clostridium, Phascolarctobacterium, Sutterella, and Dorea, but increased the abundance ratio of Ruminococcus, Anaeroplasma, Anaerotruncus, Blautia, Eubacterium,Butyricimonas. The negative influence of heat stress could remissionin Bacteroide,Faecalibacterium, Oscillospira, Clostridium, Dorea, Ruminococcus, Anaerotruncus,Blautia, and Butyricimonas by Chinesemedicines and probiotics.4. Heat stress decreased the contents sigestive system, endocrine system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, excretory system, but increased the immune system, energy metabolism, environmental adaptation, cell growth and death. Then the digestive system,endocrine system, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism could remission by the addition of Chinesemedicines and probiotics.5. The histology and morphology of cecum in the thermoneutralgroup,Chinesemedicinegroup and probioticgroup showed in orderly rows of intestinal villus shape and structure of organization completely, while the cecum villus shape presented breakage and deficiency in heatstressgroup.6. Compared with thermoneutral group, heatstressgroup had reduced body weight,ADG and ADFI, and increased feed-weight ratio. Adding Chinese traditional compound medicine decoction and probiotic could increased body weight, ADG, and ADFI, reduced feed-weight ratio, and the effects of traditional compound medicine were better.7. The the activities of AST in serum in heatstressgroup were exceed with other three groups, and the Chinesemedicine group were significantly decreased with heatstressgroup on 7day(P<0.05). However the contents of ALT in heatstressgroup were lower, and extremely significantly lower with the thermoneutralgroup on 28day(P<0.01). Compared with heat stressgroup, both the levels of GLU, TP, ALB of serum were decreased with otherthree groups, and the Chinesemedicine group were significantly increased with heatstressgroup in GLU on 1 day and 28day(P<0.05), and probioticgroup were significantly increased with heatstressgroup in GLU on 3day(P<0.05).8. The levels of heat shock protein 70 increased in heatstressgroup in 28 day, the Chinesemedicinegroup and probioticgroup were higher than heatstressgroup(P>0.05). The contents of cortisol in heatstessgroup could increased(P<0.05), the Chinesemedicinegroup and probioticgroup could decreased the cortisol with heatstressgroup in 14 day and 28day(P<0.05).