| In order to explore the key technologies of improving land capab ility in irrigated area in the north of Henan Provice,guide the efficient optimi zation of high-yield wheat cultivation.We design two experiments?production in vestigation and field experiment?.In production survey,we choice of 10 villag es,a total of 100 as the research object,combined with the statistical data,str ucture of winter wheat fertilization,fertilization amount and yield were studied.In addition,a experiment was carried out under the loessial field condition in high yielding wheat production area of Wenxian County in Henan Province.Yu mai49-198?a winter wheat cultivar planted widely in China?was used in the e xperiment.Six treatments were set up as following: no fertilizer?T1?,240 N k g·hm-2 was applied?T2?,the two other treatments were on the basis of the?T2?treatment,1125 kg·hm-2 of organic fertilizer was added?T3 and T6?or 30kg·hm-2 of decomposition agent was added?T4 and T5?.Field experiments wer e conducted to study the effects of combined application of organic fertilizer a nd rotten agent on yield?quality?dry matter accumutionand transportation.Mai n results are as follows:1.Production survey results shows that there have be several types of the l ocal soil types of sand:The Sandy Soil?Sandy and Loessial Soil and The Loes sial Soil.The yield of different soil types in the loessial soil was highest(8064kg·hm-2),the followed was sandy and loessial soil(7468.3 kg·hm-2),Compare to the sandy soil,the loessial soil and sandy and loessial soil was significantlyimproved by 15.3%and 6.89%,respectively.By contrast,the totil of fertilizer?o n average?is The Sandy Soil(307.3kg·hm-2)>The Sandy and Loessial Soil(306.6kg·hm-2)>The Loessial Soi(284.9kg·hm-2).The proportion of fertilizer is N>P>K.2 Farmers' fertilizer?FFP?result shows that:?1?sowing date is late,plant species single,too little fertilizer rate has given only a low yield;? bring into effect no-till,lead to the weed have quick spread and serious harm,The diseas e attacked the wheat.?3?Special geographic location and have a seriously of so il erosion,so the output is not high.According to the different soil types to the different fertilizer proportion,suggested that N300kg·hm-2+P2O5 150kg·hm-2+ K2 O 180kg·hm-2+ organic fertilizer 2000kg·hm-2+ ecomposition agent 50kg·hm-2?Th e sandy soil?;N 280kg·hm-2+ P2O5 120kg·hm-2+ K2 O 150kg·hm-2+ organic fertiliz er 1500kg·hm-2+ ecomposition agent 40kg·hm-2?The sandy and loessial soil?;N240kg·hm-2+ P2O5 120kg·hm-2+ K2 O 120kg·hm-2+ organic fertilizer 1100kg·hm-2+ecomposition agent 30kg·hm-2?The loessial soil?.3.Field experiment result showed that the fertilizer have a significantly impr oved about the wheat yield,compared with no fertilizer,the treatments increased by 96.7% on average.compared with the T2 processing,increasing organic fert ilizer or rotten agent,the yield increased by 15.6% and 6.1%,respectively.Fro m the yield components,a number of ears and grains increased to some extent,followed by spike numbers,and grain per spike is the least.compared with i ncreasing of rotten agent,use organic fertilizer effect is obvious has great eco nomic benefit.We also found that use fertilizer can have a significantly increase d of the grain protein and wet gluten content,but not significantly different a mong fertilizer treatments?p<0.05?.4.With the development of growth period,Leaf area index?LAI?increase d firstly,then decreased and the highest in jointing stage.The SPAD value taki ng on the trends of low-high-low pattern with growth stages and the highest in regreening stage.Dry matter accumulation showed a trend of increase graduall y and reached the maximum maturity.Applying fertilizer could increase the hei ght of winter wheat,leaf area index,SPAD value,tiller number and dry matter accumulation amount of fertilizer,and to increase organic fertilizer or rotten a gent even more significant.The results showed that,compared to T2,Increasin g organic fertilizer?T3?T6?or decomposition agent?T4?T5?treatments was significantly improved by 11.9%and4.4%,respectively.5.The currents of different fertilization regimes on dry matter accumulatio n and its distribution in different organs at maturity of winter wheat were:Grai n> Stem+ Sheath> Spike axis+glume> Left,and the proportion of dry matter of winter wheat was 46.3% 48.5%.rational fertilizer regimes significantly incr eased the rate of dry matter distribution proportion of the grain,but decreased t he distribution proportion of leaf and stem+sheath.Applying fertilizer could inc rease the Translocation amount of dry matter in vegetative organs after anthesis,including Stem+ Sheath?Spike axis+glume and Left.Use organic fertilizer or d ecomposition agent significantly increased the rate of Translocation amount of dry matter in vegetative organs after anthesis of left,but decreased the Transloc ation amount of dry matter in vegetative organs after anthesis of Spike axis+ g lume.Applying fertilizer could increase the Translocation amount of dry matter in vegetative organs after anthesis?Assimilation amount of dry matter after an thesis?Contribution of dry matter accumulation amount to kernel after anthesis.By contrast,Without fertilizing could increase the Translocation ratio of dry m atter in vegetative organs after anthesis and Contribution of dry matter transloc ation amount in vegetative organs to kernel after anthesis.It shows that,Under the condition of nutrient deficiency,translocation to gains of dry matter stored in vegetative organs after anthesis played an important role at the yield of win ter wheat?high availability?.compared to T2,Use organic fertilizer or decompos ition agent significantly increased the Assimilation amount of dry matter after a nthesis,but decreased the contribution of dry matter translocation amount in ve getative organs to kernel after anthesis.Thus,based on chemical fertilizer with i ncreasing application of organic fertilizer or decomposition agent,not noly signif icantly increased different fertilization regimes on dry matter transportation and transfer before anthesis of wheat,but also promote the facilitate accumulation a nd distribution of the assimilation mass,and improve grain yield of winter wh eat.6.The key technologies to improve land capability of high-yield wheat in northern henan province is studied primarily?Based on reasonable close-planting?technique of the alternately planting of broad line and narrow line? decre ased nitrogen fertilizer use?a certain amount of organic fertilizer and decompos ition agent are beneficial to wheat growth and development?Innovate the mode s of fertilization,Nitrogen application is the most effective way to adjust of th e structure of yields.The rational nitrogen fertilizer technology is one of the a vailable measures for improving the winter wheat yields. |
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