| The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of SPF and general on chickens. In this study,the gnotobiotic chicken model was created and the dominant lactobacillus was selected for testing its’ effects on chicken energy, fat and amino acid digestion, biosynthesis of muscle fatty acids and metabolism by comparing non-microorganism and traditional feeding chicken, and to explore the mechanism of how the intestinal microorganismcelebrates their hosts’ nutrition metabolism.One hundred SPF eggs were hatched under a sterile condition, and 60 were selected and divided into three groups:Ⅰ.fed with gnotobiotic diet that was exposed under Co-60(GF); Ⅱ. GF diet + Lactobacillus(LC); Ⅲ. fed with traditional diet(COV). Chicken were reared for 21-25 days using endogenous indicator method and their excrement was collected for further analysis of apparent metabolic rates on its weight, water content, energy, crude protein, crude fat, amino acids, fatty acids, ash content etc. The blood, pectoral and leg muscle of 5 chicken in each treatment(GF, LC and COV) were collected and kept under-80℃. Subsequently, blood biochemical parameters and muscle constituents which include dry matters, crude fat and fatty acid were tested using the above blood and muscle samples. The results were showed as follow:(1).Compared with GF, the metabolic rates of energy in LC and COV increased from 61.72% to 62.51% and 68.89% respectively, and increased to 75.2% in the VS group; The metabolic rates of crude protein increased from 56.85% to 62.62% and 66.16% in LC and COV respectively; The metabolic rate of crude fat decreased from 69.62% to 61.53%(p<0.05); There was no significant difference among four groups in the metabolic rate of ash content(p>0.05). These results indicate that gut microorganisms increased the digestibility of energy, crude protein and decreased the digestibility of crude fat.(2). The amino acid digestibility in GF, LC and COV groups was 79.72%, 77.27% and 85.34% respectively, and the necessary amino acid digestibility was 78.43%, 75.12% and 83.20%(p<0.05); By analyzing the digestibility rates of various amino acid, the results showed that the digestibility rates of methionine increased and the cystine rate decreased in the chicken group fed with amino acid compared to gnotobiotic chicks and chicks fed with Lactobacillus diet, but there lysine digestibility rates were not significantly different among these treatments.(3). The cholinesterase in LC group significantly decreased compared to the GF group(p<0.01) and the lactate dehydrogenase and lipase were slightly decreased, whereas the creatine kinase was considrably increased(p<0.05). Moreover, total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acids were decreased in LC compared to GF(p<0.01), and adding antibiotics dramatically decreased the cholinesterase and creatine kinase(p<0.01).(4). Compared with GF, pectorales dry matters in LC group and COV groups was increased from 27.08% to 27.24% and 28.10% respectively, and that in leg muscles was increased from 22.40% to 25.76% and 25.76% respectively.(5). The muscle cetylic acid and linoleic acid in muscles of LC increased and the octadecoic acid were significantly decreased compared to GF. The unsaturated fatty acid was slightly decreased and saturated fatty acid was increased in LC compared to GF. These results suggest that gut microorganisms may have a slight effect on the metabolism of crude fat in muscle, but have a dramatic effect on its fat acid composition. |
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