Effects Of Cultivation Measures On The Growth,Yield And Quality Of Callicarpa Nudiflora

Callicarpa nudiflora Hook.et Arn.,which belongs to Verbenaceae,is a perennial evergreen plant of Callicarpa genus and an authentic herb of Hainan.The medicinal value of this species continues to heat up and the demand for market keeps increasing recent years.To promote reansonable development and utilization of this medicinal resources,five impact factors(light intensity,spacing,nitrogen fertilizer level,phosphrus fertilizer level and stump height)were studied through three experiments in this paper.Optimal cultivation measures had been established by evaluating the growth,biomass,the content of pharmaceutical active ingredient(flavonoid,phenolic acid and sugar)and the accumulation of active ingredient for yield and quality of Callicarpa nudiflora.(1)Significant positive correlation(P<0.01)was found between light intensity and the content of total flavonoid,total phenolic acid and total sugar,this indicated that light intensity played an improtant role on the accumulaiton of active ingredient.Shade should be minimized in understory planting,and appropriate light intensity were 10100 lx,22000 lx and 43000 lx.(2)Experiment combinated with three impact factors nitrogen,phosphrus and spacing indicated that an increasing rate of nitrogen fertilizer and an decreasing rate of phosphrus fertilizer obviously improved the effective biomass of Callicarpa nudiflora.Compared with phosphrus and spacing,nitrogen showed the greatest effect on the effective biomass.The effect of three factors on effective biomass was nitrogen>phosphrus>spacing.Low rate of nitrogen could improve the leaf flavonoid content.Increasing the application of phosphrus could reduce the content of phenolic acid in leaf,but enhance the content of total sugar in leaf.The accumulation of total flavonoid,total phenolic acid and total sugar were most affected by spacing.The accumulation of three active ingredient improved significantly with the increase of planting dengsity.According to yield and active ingredient accumulation,treatment four obtained the optimal yield and quality of Callicarpa nudiflora.The best cultivation method for Callicarpa nudiflora was urea 110.3 g·plant-1,FCMP 98.4 g·plant-1 and spacing 50 cm × 80 cm,which converted into unit area was urea 2.76 t·hm-2,FCMP 2.46 t·hm-2,planting density 25000 plant·hm-2.Half amount for basal fertilizer the first time and two times top dressing followed(quarter of the full amount each time).(3)The increase of nitrogen rate could conduct a growth increment of Callicarpa nudiflora sprouts.High stump height and low spacing inhibited the growth of sprouts significantly.The effective biomass of sprouts per plant was most affected by nitrogen,and which followed by the stump height.Leaf flavonoid content and phenolic acid content reduced with the increasing rate of nitogen,while the leaf sugar content improved with the increasing rate of nitogen.A decrease of stump height for Callicarpa nudiflora could increase the content of total flavonoid,total phenolic acid and total sugar in leaf.Compared with other ten treatments,treatment four obtained the highest yield and the accumulation of flavonoid,phenolic acid and sugar,which indicated the best combination level of three factors was urea 110.3 g·plant-1,stump height 25.9 cm and spacing 50 cm × 80 cm,which converted into unit area was 2.76 t·hm-2,stump height 25.9 cm and spacing 25000 plant·hm-2.Full amount nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at once time when the stem was stumped.