| Experiment one:Comparing the effect of different breeds on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, plasma fatty acid content, rumen microorganisms, and ruminal fermentation in lactating buffaloes. Three breeds of buffaloes--Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Triple Crossbred--were divided into three groups, each group has 5 buffaloes. Buffaloes are fed according to the principle of feeding grain feed after roughage, conventional management and water was available ad libitum. The results show that the milk production,4% FCM yield, milk composition of three breeds buffaloes had no significant difference. C10:0 proportions of milk fatty acid and all the fatty acid in plasma lipids of Triple Crossbred was significantly higher than Nili-Ravi(P<0.05), and CLA proportions of milk fatty acid in Triple Crossbred and Murrah were significantly higher than Nili-Ravi(P< 0.05).Ruminal pH, NH3-N,lactic acid and VFA had no significant difference in three breeds of buffaloes(P> 0.05),while the rumial acetic acid/propionic acid in Murrah and Triple Crossbred were significantly lower than Nili-Ravi(P< 0.05), and the content of protozoa were higher than Nili-Ravi, but other microorganism had no significant difference (P>0.05). The results indicate that the quality of milk of Triple Crossbred and Murrah was higher than Nili-Ravi.Experiment two:Evaluating the effect of hemp seed oil feeding on the production performance, milk fatty acid composition, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, antioxidant of serum, plasma fatty acid content, rumen microorganisms, and ruminal fermentation in lactating buffaloes. In this study, eighteen healthy lactating buffaloes with the same physical condition (The local buffalo×Nili-Ravi×Murrah), were randomly assigned to three groups (one control group, two treatment groups), each group has 6 buffaloes. The buffaloes of control group were fed with basal diet, and the buffaloes of treatments groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 100g/d hemp seed oil or 200g/d hemp seed oil. The experiment lasted for 42 days, which included a 14 days adjustment period and a 28 days experimental period. The results show that supplementation of the diet with hemp seed oil reduced feed intake of buffaloes significantly (P< 0.05), and 4% FCM yield, milk protein percentage, lactose showed a decreasing trend(P< 0.05). The proportions of FA with C16 and less than 16 carbons in milk decreased and 18 carbons progressively increased with time of hemp seed oil feeding, while there was no significant difference on FA with more than 18 carbons except C20:0. Supplementation of the diet with hemp seed oil increased C18:2n10t and C18:2n9c of CLA (P<0.05),CLA, UFA, MUFA, PUFA, while SFA and SFA/UFA reduced. Supplementation of the diet with 100g/d hemp seed oil could significantly increase the content of AST, TG, IgA, IgM, GSH-Px, and reduce the content of MDA in blood (P< 0.05), Supplementation of the diet with 200g/d hemp seed oil could increase the content of HDL, AOC, GSH-Px, CAT in blood(P< 0.05); C6:0 of FA and SFA/UFA in plasma decreased, while C18:1n9c, C18:2n6c, UFA, MUFA, PUFA in plasma increased after hemp seed oil feeding, whereas there was no significant difference on other FA in plasma. Supplementation of the diet with hemp seed oil had no significant difference on ruminal pH, NH3-N,lactic acid (P >0.05), however, there was a decreasing tendency on ruminal VFA and TVFA (P>0.05). Supplementation of the diet with hemp seed oil could significantly reduce the proportions of protozoa, VA.fibrisolvens, R.flavefaciens, F.succinogenes (P<0.05),while had an increasing tendency on methanogens, S.ruminantium, R.albus with time of hemp seed oil feeding (P>0.05), and the proportions of B.fibrisolvens, fungi, Butyrivibrio group has no significant difference (P>0.05).The results indicate that supplementation of the diet with hemp seed oil can increase the content of FA with special physiological function in milk, especially the CLA, and can improve the nutritional level of milk. |
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