| The study's purpose was to verify the plough layer's moderating effect to the yeild of winter wheat and their physiological basis, innovate the tequnique of fertilization and high efficiency's fertilizing technique. The experiment selected the high-yield wheat named Shannong 24 and the planting region was in Nanqiu, Bianyuan, Feicheng, Shandong province during 2014?2015. T1 was the control group that had not be fertilized in the growth period and the other treatments had the same fertilizing amount. The base fertilization of T2, T3 and T4 were adopted single-layer banding and the depth of the fertilization were 8 cm, 16 cm and 24 cm, respectively. The base fertilizer of T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10 were layered banding and the fertilizing depth were 8 cm, 16 cm, 24 cm and the proportion of the amount of fertilizer in these three depth and the total fertilizting amount were 1:1:1(T5), 2:1:1(T6), 1:2:1(T7), 1:1:2(T8), 3:2:1(T9), 1:2:3(T10). The main reserch results are as follows: 1.The effect of different treatments on the population dynamic variation of wheat, dry matter distribution and grain yield.T2 has more population and ears in each period compare with other single-layer drill fertilizing. However, the yield of T4 is significantly higher than T2 because T4 has more assimilation amount of dry matter and more contribution on the grain after wheat flowering.The population culm number of T6 and T9 is slightly higher than other treatments during wintering period and returning green stage. There are no difference in the layered drill fertilization for the total stem number from jointing stage to the mature period. However, while the proportion of manure in the middle and low layer increased suitably, it will be beneficial to accumulate rapidly for winter wheat's dry matter after greenup and the dry matter accumulation keep high from jointing stage to mature stage. It will improve the distribution amount of dry matter in the stalk, leaf sheath and grain in the mature period. It will improve the assimilation of dry matter after flowering and the contribution rate to the grain. The yield will be improved by this way.T7, T8, T10 will improve the wheat tillering and the ear number increased significantly compared with T4. At the same time, T7, T8, T10 will increase the assimilation amount of dry matter after flowering and improve dry matter allocation amount of leaf, grain, spike-stalk, glume shell in the mature period and the dry matter translocation amount of grain from nutritive organ before flowering compared T4. Although T7, T8, T10 have the higher grain yeild compared with T4, the grain number of ear and grain weight have no difference in the four treatments. It indicates that the ratios of 1:2:1, 1:1:2 and 1:2:3 layer by layer fertilization can be able to harmonize the supply of nutrient at each stage and be benificial to tillering. Furthermore, thses ratios layer by layer fertilization can promote the assimilation of dry matter accumulation after the returning green stage and improve the translocation efficency to the grain. This is why the fertilizing technique can promote the yield of winter wheat. 2.The effect of different treatments on the winter wheat's photosynthetic carbon assimilation.Compared between the treatments of single-layer drill fertilization, The Pn and gs of them are characterized by T3?T4>T2>T1 in the flag leaf stage, flowering stage and the early stage of the grouting, T3 and T4 are had no difference. In the middle and last stage of the grouting are characterized by T4>T3>T2>T1.In the middle and last stage of the grouting the Pn?gs and Fv/Fm of T10 and T4 are had no difference. Therefor, the treatment of single-layered drilling fertilization to 24 cm and the layered drilling fertilization treatment(1:2:3) are both improving the Pn, gs of winter wheat after anthesis, slowing down the speed of Fv/Fm and significantly enhanced the ability of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the stage of grouting. 3.The effect of different treatments on the senescence of flag leaf and activity of root.Compared between the treatments of single-layer drill fertilization, The treatment of T4 is beneficial to improve the activity of root in the depth of 16?40 cm after anthesis, the activity of SOD during 7?28 days after anthesis, and the activity of CAT and soluble protein during 0?28 days after anthesis than other treatments. The activity of MDA are significantly lower than other treatments during 14?28 days after anthesis. T4 and T10 are had no difference between the activity of SOD?CAT and soluble protein. It shows that single-layered drill fertilization at the depth of 24 cm and layered drill fertilization at the rate of 1:2:3 are both beneficial to improve the activity of root, maintain a high level of cell metabolism and reduce the damage of cell membrane, then to retard the senescence of flag leaf. |
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