| For defining the relationship between Chinese indigenous sheep breeds' germplasm type and their ecological environments, forty-two Chinese indigenous sheep breeds(all in The Record of China Livestock and Poultry's Genetic Resource-Sheep Record whose datum all came from a national survey) were all respectively classified and standardized by gender,physiological stage, body weight and size, slaughter performance, wool-producing performance, reproductive performance and ecological factor. Then the author carried the principal component analysis(PCA), cluster analysis, variance analysis, multiple comparison& correlation analysis and regression analysis on the datum by using SPSS software and SAS software. The main results of the research are as follows:(1) There are 42 indigenous sheep breeds in China, and they distributes in 16provincial-level administrative regions(47% of China provincial-level administrative regions)and 4 geographic regions(100% of China geographic regions). Xinjiang Autonomous Region has 13 breeds(31.0%), the most in number compared with other provinces, which belongs to4 economical breed types and 3 tail types. Yunnan province has 7 breeds(16.7%) which belongs to 4 economical breed types and 2 tail types. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has6 breeds(14.3%) which belongs to 3 economical breed types and 1 tail type. In northwest China there are 20 breeds(47.6%) which belongs to 7 economical breed types and 4 tail types,in north China there are 11 breeds(26.2%) which belongs to 8 economical breed types and 3tail types, in south China there are 8 breeds(19.0%) which belongs to 5 economical breed types and 3 tail types and in China Qinghai-Xizang region there are 5 breeds(11.9%) which belongs to 3 economical breed types and 1 tail type.(2) Chinese indigenous sheep breeds can be classified into large size type, medium size type and small size type by body traits. For those breeds' adult male sheep, 8.7% belongs to large size type, 41.3% belongs to medium size type and 50.0% belongs to small size type; and for adult female sheep, 8.9% belongs to large size type, 60.0% belongs to medium size type and 31.1% belongs to small size type; and for male lamb, 24.3% belongs to large size type,32.4% belongs to medium size type and 43.2% belongs to small size type; and for female lamb, 21.6% belongs to large size type, 40.5% belongs to medium size type and 37.8%belongs to small size type. the breeds can be classified into high meat-produced type and low meat-produced type by slaughter performance. For adult male sheep, 39.3% belongs to high meat-produced type and 60.7% belongs to low meat-produced type; and for adult female sheep, 45.5% belongs to high meat yield type and 54.5% belongs to low meat yield type. The breeds can be classified into high wool yield type, secondary wool yield type and low wool yield type by wool yield traits. For adult male sheep, 11.9% belongs to high wool yield type,50.0% belongs to secondary wool yield type and 38.1% belongs to low wool yield type; and for adult female sheep, 33.3% belongs to high wool yield type, 23.8% belongs to secondary wool yield type and 42.9% belongs to low wool yield type. The female sheep can be classified into high reproduction type, secondary reproduction type and low reproduction type by reproduction characteristics, and 9.3% female sheep belongs to high reproduction type, 41.9%female sheep belongs to secondary reproduction type and 48.8% female sheep belongs to low reproduction type.(3) The research indicated that the large size type sheep distributed at a less rainfall, low air temperature and high latitude region(including northwest China and north China), while the small size type sheep distributed at a more rainfall, high air temperature and low latitude region(including south China and China Qinghai-Xizang region). Adult sheep' body size are mainly affected by precipitation factor while lamb' are mainly affected by precipitation factor and temperature factor. The regression equations which established by quantitative analysis are: Y(male sheep body)=-0.008-0.469X1(rainfall factor)+0.399X2(topography factor),Y(female sheep body)=-0.006-0.484X1(rainfall factor)+0.374X2(topography factor), Y(male lamb body)=-5.059+0.134X(latitude), Y(female lamb body)=-4.669+0.124X(latitude),regression coefficient R2 respectively equal to 0.386, 0.382, 0.621 and 0.529.(4) The research showed that the high meat yield type sheep distributed at a less rainfall,low air temperature and medium altitude region, while the low meat yield type sheep distributed at a more rainfall, high air temperature and high altitude region. Sheep'meat-produced type are mainly affected by precipitation factor and topography factor. The regression equations which established by quantitative analysis are: Y(male sheep meat-produced)=-6.243+0.134X1(latitude)+0.008X2(latitude), Y(female sheep meat-produced=-4.190+0.137X(latitude), regression coefficient R2 respectively equal to 0.636 and 0.725.(5) The research indicated that the high wool yield type sheep mainly distributed at a less rainfall and low altitude region, while the low wool yield type sheep mainly distributed at a more rainfall and high altitude region. Ram' wool yield type are mainly affected by precipitation factor, while ewe' wool yield type are mainly affected precipitation factor and topography factor.(6) The research showed that the high lambing rate type sheep distributed at a medium rainfall, high air temperature and low altitude region, while the low lambing rate type sheep mainly distributed at a less rainfall, low air temperature and high altitude region. And precipitation factor has less affect while temperature factor and topography factor have more affect. The lamb weaning survival rate is high in a less rainfall, low temperature and low altitude region, while the rate is low in a high rainfall, high temperature and high altitude region. And precipitation factor and topography factor have more affect while temperature factor has less affect. The regression equations which established by quantitative analysis are:Y(the annual average lambing rate)=121.902-19.407X1(topography factor)+14.136X2(temperature factor), Y(the lamb weaning survival rate)=92.704-2.848X1(topography factor)-2.364X2(rainfall factor), regression coefficient R2 respectively equal to 0.240 and0.406.(7) The study on China five climatic zones' sheep distribution demonstrated the followings characters. The adult sheep distributed in temperate monsoon zone and temperate continental monsoon climate zone are having the largest body size and highest wool yield.Sheep distributed in temperate continental climate zone are having the best meat production performance and the smallest lamb body size. Sheep(adult sheep and lamb) distributed in subtropical monsoon climate zone are having the smallest body size, the lowest wool yield and the worst meat production performance. Therefore, sheep breeds' body traits,meat-produced traits and wool-produced traits in temperate zone continental climate zone are all better than in subtropical monsoon climate zone. |
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