A Research On Village Composition In The West Of Fenhe River,Pingyao County And Temple Fair Space

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,with the development of commodity economy,the temple fair gradually evolved from simple folk belief activities to comprehensive activities including mainly commodity trading,and folk rituals,entertainment activities and social interaction.This functional change can usually be reflected in the changes of the material space corresponding to the temple fair.Settlement,as the carrier of temple fair’s activities,different organizational orders of component factors of it are likely to affect the location of the temple fair space.And with the change of temple fair’s nature,it will also have an influence on settlement space construction in turn and give the settlement new form and structure.This paper is based on this perspective,focusing on the analysis of traditional settlements and temple fair,and then study the material results presented from their mutual effect and adaptation in certain condition.This paper takes the traditional settlement and trading temple fair of west of Fenhe River in Pingyao County as the research objects.Firstly,the settlement system as the pointcut,this paper have a thorough research on distribution characteristic of settlement and the scale difference,and also discuss and analyze the influence of the cultivating condition and the road condition on the distribution and scale differentiation.Then,based on the study of the commonness and individuality of the research examples,the constitute elements of the villages and the relationship between the elements are discussed in detail,and the characteristic of the "externalization" tendencies of public facilities is summarized.Secondly,the course and classification of the temple fair development are sorted out and confirmed based on the overall distribution characteristics of the temple fair on the road network.In addition,it also analyzes the different layout logic presented on different space requirements of temple fair’s activity content from three aspects: sacrifice space,entertainment space and transaction space.Finally,based on the basic understanding of the previous study,the relationship between different settlement elements and temple fair space is further discussed.In the aspect of the influence of the settlement elements on the temple space,it is concluded that the temple space has a tendency to live next to the strong clan settlements,the relationship between the temple space location and the location of the main temple is linked,and the extraposition of public space leads to the deviation from the settlement of the temple fair activity center.In the case of the influence of the temple space on the elements of the settlement,it was found that the nature of the temple activity changed the nature of the street and the location relationship between the temple and the stage.In addition,we also summed up three main construction: strong,multi-center,weak center homogeneous,which is deviated from the settlement and presented on different scale settlements by different types of temple fair.We hope that the study of this paper will help to understand the composition and construction of traditional settlements in certain areas,the change and location of temple changes and the logic of social organization behind the change.