| Road traffic safety is a worldwide social problem,the economic losses caused by the road traffic accidents in each country account for about 1% to 3% of GDP.Adverse weather and meteorological elements have a primary impact on traffic safety transportation and inducing traffic accidents.In this paper,the data of national traffic accidents in adverse weather(rain,snow,fog,etc)of 2005-2015 years and road traffic accidents casualties,observation data obtained from traffic meteorology station and near meteorology station were used to further explore the meteorological roles on the traffic accidents,the main results are as follows:(1)Statistics of the national spatial distribution characteristics of road traffic accidents from 2010 ~2014:The accidents number and death toll are maximum in east China,and minimum in northeast China;the death toll and accidents number of serious traffic accidents are maximum in southwest China,while accidents number is minimum in north and northeast China,the death toll is minimum in south China;the injury toll of serious traffic accidents is minimum in north China,while maximum in central China,the above accidents spatial distribution characteristics are related to the development level of the regional traffic and the regional weather climate in China.The accidents number in four branches fork is maximum,next is three branches fork.From 1995 to 2014,before 2002,traffic accidents number,death toll,injury toll,direct property losses and population mortality per one hundred thousand people are all showed a reducing trend,while after 2002,they all showed a rising trend,this is attributed to our country road traffic laws and a series of road traffic management measures,which are issued and implemented at the very time.Rain,snow and fog weather are the main adverse weather that impact traffic accidents,successively is wind,dust and hail weather.The total accidents number and injury toll of 2011-2015 year on nine national highways have a maximum at 7:00 AM,11:00 AM,14:00 PM,17:00 PM,its time has good corresponding relationship with rush hour,what is worth pointed out is that the occurrence of afternoon accidents peak is also likely related to the adverse and strong convective weather,which are more likely to happen in theafternoon.Wet pavement is the main factor that influences highway traffic accidents,followed by ice snow and water pavement surface,muddy water and diffuse pavement surface have little effect on traffic accidents.From 2005 to 2014 year,the number of death,injury,traffic accidents and economic losses in the visibility of 50-100 meters and 100-200 meters are respectively accounted for about 50% of the 200 meters above,in the visibility of 50 meters below are accounted for about 25%,this indicates that the low visibility has a serious impact on traffic accidents.(2)For the characterization of economic loss severity caused by road traffic accidents,defined a road traffic accidents comprehensive influence index TAD(Traffic Accident Damage).From 2005 to 2014,under different weather types,road conditions and visibility,TAD index showed a rising trend in general,the hail weather and visibility below 50 m are likely to have more risk on happening major traffic accidents than other weather and range of visibility.The TAD index of snow and ice road surface is highest compared with other bad road conditions,in other words,the economic loss on the snow and ice road traffic accidents is more serious than the other bad road conditions.The craniocerebral injury is the main reason that causes death of traffic accidents people.Head is the most body part of the traffic accidents death toll.The various parts is the most body part of the traffic accidents seriously injured toll.(3)Statistics of the frequency of the road meteorological elements in Gansu province indicates: The pavement temperature frequency less than 0 ℃ is highest 30.9% in Wushaoling tunnel,lowest 11.3% in Tianshui county tunnel.And the pavement temperature more than 40 ℃ is lowest 1.8% in Wushaoling tunnel,highest 6.8% in Tianshui county tunnel.The relative humidity less than 40% is highest 43.7% in Majiashan tunnel,while smallest 3.7% in the swallow tube tunnel,and its relative humidity more than60% was highest 82.6%,while minimum 30.3% in Xiuhua temple.The precipitation frequency is largest3.6% in Maijishan tunnel,the minimum visibility frequency less than 1.5 km is maximum 2.3% in swallow tube tunnel.The frequency of the maximum wind speed greater than 5.5 m/s is most 30.5% in embroidery temple,the frequency of the extreme wind speed greater than 5.5 m/s is biggest 57.7% in Wushaoling tunnel.Wet road surface frequency of Wushaoling tunnel is most,8.2%.Water road surface frequency of Tianshui county tunnel is most 13.4%,icy road condition of embroidery temple and the swallow tube tunnel is highest 4.7%,mixed road conditions of swallow tube tunnel is most 7.3%.Vapor pressure of Tianshui county tunnel is largest,16.2 hPa,dew point average temperature of swallow tube is the largest,4.9 ℃,embroidered temple is smallest,-6.8 ℃.Therefore,the temperature change trend of the traffic weather and automatic meteorological station are simple,the temperature of the adjacent automatic meteorological station could approximately express the lack of traffic meteorological stations data.The precipitation difference between the adjacent automatic weather stations and the traffic weather stations is larger and without stable change feature,so using the automatic meteorological station precipitation data approximately expresses the traffic station precipitation data is unfeasible.(4)Statistical analysis of the national serious 62 cases of traffic accidents data associated with adverse weather in 2010-2014 years obtained from the "road traffic accidents statistics annals",which provided by the public security traffic management bureau,showed there is the most percentage of heavy weather-related accidents in the afternoon(12:00-18:00),is 43.5%,the second most in the morning(6:00-12:00),is 33.87%,then the wee hours,is 17.7%,the minimum percentage in the evening(18:00-00:00),is 6.45%;40.32%,33.87% and 11.29% serious traffic accidents occurred when the fog,rain and snow weather existed,respectively.40.32%,33.87%,40.32% serious traffic accidents occurred when the road surface presented the phenomenon of wet,dry and water,respectively.More than 50%accidents occurred when the road condition is damp and the weather is rainy.More than 95% serious traffic accidents occurred when the road condition is dry and the weather is foggy.Snow ice,ice water mixing,snow and ice road surface conditions totally accounted for 16.13%.Foggy is the most important adverse weather that affected the serious accidents,but rainy weather is the most important adverse weather that affected the all traffic accidents.Serious accidents associated with adverse weather has the similar day change trends with the national major road traffic accidents.The above research could enhance the understanding of factors of meteorological condition on traffic accidents,and it has an important reference value on guaranteeing the traffic safety transportation and preventing meteorological conditions from causing traffic accidents.On the other hand,it also provided a scientific basis for our country comprehensive construction of road weather information system. |
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