Optimization Of The Toroidal Bellows' Design Theory And Process

With the increasingly application of toroidal bellows, more demands for its design criteria and process have been put forward. Currently, researches on working condition of internal pressure and displacement for design standard of toroidal bellows have been made a great progress while none of them led to the definitive conclusions under external pressure or vacuum conditions. Moreover, designers are vulnerable to make mistakes and waste time in stress analysis process which has serious influences on their efficiency on account of the complex calculation, sophisticated formulas, and numerous parameters. To resolve these problems above, the following researches in this paper are mainly proposed to carry out aimed at optimizing design standard of toroidal bellows under external pressure and improving the efficiency of stress analysis.(1)The calculation of a toroidal bellows in EJMA has been studied. The design standard of a toroidal bellows under external pressure which had been raised by R. Broyles has been introduced and analyzed, presented that correction factor of the meridional membrance stress in that design criterion need to be optimized.(2)The numerical model of a torodial bellows under external pressure is established and simulated based on the finite element method. The model is validated by tests. By numerical simulation, it suggested that the diameter D, the large radius R and the small radius r are the important parameters affecting the meridional stress. In addition, by means of comparing to stress concentration of different models, it will cause the "Edge wave effect" and the stress concentration will increase when the value of r/R is too small or too big. Therefore, it is recommended that the value of r/R should ensure between 0.3 and 0.5 in the design.(3)Determining the diameter D, the size of the arc ration r/R as the parameters is to optimize correction coefficient K. One hundred groups of numerical simulations are created for optimizing correction coefficient with curve-fitting. According to these numerical values, it is indicated that this curve-fitting not only can improve the accuracy of the calculation, but also can compensate the diameter'effect on meridional bending stress which R. Broyles are not considered.(4)The user-centered software of calculating the standard formulas of toroidal bellows had been designed. Firstly, its functions have been come true with the computer-aided design. Then, the availability of this software is improved through the user experience and iterative design, optimizing the interface design. The eye tracking experiment is used to choice the layout design. At last, by the QUIS investigation and analysis, it is stated that this software solve effectively the heavy computationally, low efficiency for the engineers and the satisfaction is very high from customers. Futhermore, based on the interface design principles and user demands demonstrated before, this paper carrys out conceptual interface deaign of simulation program for smart phone app.This paper provides the optimization and improvement the design standard of the toroidal bellows under external pressure, and the design of the user-centered software which improves the design process. So the article has some value in the science and engineering.