Study On Preparation And Properties Of Two Kinds Of Insensitive Composite Energetic Materials

The utilization of high energetic materials RDX and HMX have been limited in modern weapons and ammunition due to the high sensitivity while TATB is currently considered to be a kind of heat-resistant explosive with high stability and low sensitivity.The mixed explosive composed of TATB and RDX or HMX can both make RDX or HMX insensitive and maintain its original high explosive energy,meeting the demand for insensitive ammunition in modern warfare.In this paper,three types of single explosives(TATB,RDX,HMX)were refined to obtain ultrafine explosives,then ultra-fine high-quality explosives were used to prepare TATB/RDX/VitonA and TATB/HMX/VitonA composite energetic materials.The content includes the following three parts.First,the Recrystallization of raw material TATB was subjected to an ultrasonic assisted spray method which used 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate(ionic liquid)and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)as a complex solvent and deionized water as a non-solvent.Then the ultra-fine TATB was obtained.The particle size and morphology analysis,XRD test analysis,DSC test analysis,and impact sensitivity test analysis were performed on raw materials TATB and ultra-fine TATB.The results showed that the ultra-fine TATB particles prepared by ultrasonic assisted spray method were nearly spherical and the particle size was below 100 nm.The XRD results showed that the diffraction angle and diffraction peak position of the refined TATB and the raw material TATB were basically same,indicating that they had the same crystal form.The DSC results showed that the apparent thermal activation energy and thermal explosion critical temperature of ultra-fine TATB were slightly lower than that of raw material TATB.The impact sensitivity test results showed that the impact sensitivity of the ultra-fine TATB was higher than that of the raw material TATB,but the sensitivity was still low.Second,the raw materials RDX and HMX were studied by ultrasonic assisted spray method and compressed air spray evaporation method.The particle size and morphology analysis,XRD test analysis,DSC test analysis and impact sensitivity test analysis were performed on raw materials RDX,HMX and ultra-fine RDX and HMX.The results showed that the ultra-fine RDX and HMX prepared by ultrasonic assisted spray method were ellipsoidal,and the particle sizes were about 4?m.The ultra-fine RDX and HMX particles prepared by compressed air spray evaporation method were spherical and had a particle size of about 500 nm.The results of XRD showed that the diffraction angles and diffraction peak positions of ultra-fine RDX,HMX and raw materials RDX and HMX prepared by two refinements were basically same,indicating that ultra-fine RDX,HMX and raw materials RDX,HMX had the same crystal form.The DSC results showed that the apparent thermal activation energy and thermal explosion critical temperature of ultrafine RDX were slightly lower than raw material RDX.On the contrary,the apparent thermal activation energy and thermal explosion critical temperature of ultrafine HMX were slightly higher than that of raw material HMX.The impact sensitivity test results showed that the impact sensitivity of ultra-fine RDX and HMX was greatly reduced compared with raw materials.Finally,TATB/RDX/VitonA and TATB/HMX/VitonA were prepared by solution-water suspension method.The particle size and morphology analysis,XRD test analysis,DSC test analysis and impact sensitivity test analysis were performed on these two types of composite particles.The results showed that the morphologies of the two kinds of insensitive composite particles were approximately ellipsoidal,the sizes of modeling powder particles were basically same,the surface coating effect was good,and the coating degree was high.The results of XRD showed that the positions of the diffraction peaks of the two kinds of composite particles were matched with the TATB,RDX and HMX crystals,and the characteristic peaks of TATB,RDX or TATB,HMX could be decomposed,indicating that the molding powder preparation process did not change the crystal form of the substance.The DSC results showed that the decomposition peak temperatures of TATB/RDX/VitonA and TATB/HMX/VitonA composite particles prepared by aqueous suspension method could separate the decomposition peaks of TATB,RDX and HMX alone.Moreover,the apparent activation energy and the pre-exponential factor of the composite particles were higher,indicating that their thermal stabilities were better.The impact sensitivity test results showed that the impact sensitivities of the TATB/RDX/VitonA and TATB/HMX/VitonA composite particles were 89.5cm and 80.5cm respectively,indicating that the two composite particles had lower impact sensitivity.