Study On The Environmental Protection And Management Of Fanjingshan World Natural Heritage Nominated Property

With the development of heritage tourism and community economy,environmental problems become more and more serious in World Natural Heritage sites and their buffer zone.How to reduce environment threats effectively and protect the environment better in World Natural Heritage sites are the key points to the current protection and management of World Heritage.This paper selects the Fanjingshan World Natural Heritage nominated property as the study area,and takes the village cadre interview,questionnaire and GPS locating as the study methods to conduct a comprehensive investigation on ways of sewage discharge and disposal,dustbin layout,garbage removal mechanism,number and distribution of hotel and agritainment,community farming and breeding situation,fertilizer application,types and usage of pesticides and traffic lines in Fanjingshan scenic spot,the nominated property and buffer zone.According to the investigation,main pollution sources in the nominated property have been cleared,pollution load of main pollution sources have been accounted and tourist activities sewage,residents living and producing sewage,traffic exhaust and noise,lack of monitoring system threat to the nominated property.And then,put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the existing threats.This paper provides a scientific basis and data support for the discussion of the degree of environmental threat,and provides a reference for the development of environmental improvement and environmental protection and management in the nominated property.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Make the preliminary evaluation to the present environmental quality situation of the nominated property and its buffer zone in accordance with the environmental standards that related to the original protection properties of Fanjingshan nominated property,and the acquired environmental data.And combine with its environmental protection and management situation and field research and analysis results.It is concluded that there is no outstanding environmental problem in the nominated property,and its environmental quality basically reaches its original environmental standard.Due to the lack of a sound monitoring system and detailed background information,the environmental quality of the nominated property is subject to a more scientific evaluation after long-term and comprehensive monitoring.(2)Comprehensive investigation on ways of environmental factors,such as the basic situation of tourists' life,residents' production and living,sewage treatment and garbage collection-removal etc.in Fanjingshan scenic spot,the 22 villages of the nominated property and buffer zone.Research found that there exist sewage treatment project of Heiwanhe River and ecological septic-tank technology of mountaintop for sewage treatment in Fanjingshan scenic spot,and the integrated system on garbage collection,transportation,transfer and innocent treatment has been established basically,with layout of environmental infrastructure relatively perfect.But only the communities about the villages of Fanjingshan and Zhaibao near the scenic spot discharge sanitary sewage into the sewage network,which meets the discharge standard through uniform-process.There are sewage treatment pools in villages of Furong,Pingsuo and Tuanlong,while the other villages have not built sewage treatment facilities yet,with direct emission of sewage.Moreover,there are still 9 villages have not yet distributed garbage collection facilities,in which the community environmental infrastructure needs to be improved.(3)The sources of pollution in the nominated property are mainly the pollution from the employees and tourists in the scenic spots,residential pollution,fertilizer pollution and livestock pollution,and the order of total pollution load is livestock pollution > residential pollution > the pollution from the employees and tourists in the scenic spots > fertilizer pollution.The pollution load of livestock pollution accounted for 80.39% of the total pollutant load and the pollutants COD,NH3-N,TN,TP that their respective total pollutant load contribution rate all more than 60%,and the order of animals that caused livestock pollution is cattle > pig > poultry >sheep.Proposed to livestock pollution remediation,formulate livestock development plan,implement harmless treatment and resource utilization of livestock manure,and discharged after the treatment of qualified.(4)Base on the region,the pollution load intensity,buffer zone community > community within the nominated property > Fanjingshan Scenic spot.In addition,the contribution rates of pollutants of the community pollution load in the buffer zone are all exceed 83%,and the pollution load of per community residents in the buffer zone is 67.96kg/a,higher than that in the nominated property of 55.38kg/a.The top three pollutant release load villages,including Taohuayuan,Zhaibao,and Fanjingshan,are all in the buffer zone,and their combined pollution load accounts for 43.46% of the total.Moreover,the villages of Fanjingshan and Zhaibao are tourist gathering places of the Fanjingshan and Yamugou Scenic spot.What's more,the village of Taohuayuan is an important object owing to its development of rural tourism.However,pollution emission within the nominated property acts on and affects its environment directly,thus,while strengthening the monitor and evaluation of the environmental quality in the nominated property,and focusing on the pollution emission of the largest polluted village in the buffer zone is the same importance.