Study On Fast Extraction And Determination Methods Of Organic Pollutants And Additive Agent In Cosmetics By Aqueous Two-phase Extraction

With the continuous development of people’s living standards as well as the improvement of human health consciousness,more and more attention has been paid to the problems of organic pollutants and the type and content of the chemical additive substance.There are many kinds of chemical additive substance in cosmetics,some commonly used additive agent are antioxidants,antibiotics and ultraviolet resistant agent.The problem of detecting technology is also the attention of the researchers.At present,the instruments have been able to satisfy the detecting conditions of various chemical compounds.Due to the substrate of tissue samples of cosmetics is very complex,the key factor for effective and accurate determination of various compounds is sample pretreatment technology.This paper summarizes the pretreatment methods and detection methods for benzene series,antioxidants,tetracycline drugs and sulfa drugs in cosmetics.A method was developed for analyzing benzene series,antioxidants,tetracycline drugs and sulfa drugs in cosmetics by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy（GC-MS）or high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.Using aqueous two-phase system is as sample pretreatment technology to extract the target substance efficiently in the cosmetics.Five sections were included in the paper.Part one: In this paper,the pretreatment methods of cosmetics samples were summarized.And the content and background and meaning of this issue were introduced.Part two: Based on the isopropanol-（NH₄）2SO₄-H₂ O aquatic two phase system,an effective sample pretreatment method was developed for the analysis of benzene series residues in cosmetics by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy（GC-MS）.The influence factors on formation of isopropanol-（NH₄）2SO₄-H₂ O system were discussed in depth.Meanwhile,the influence of the water content on extraction of benzene series from cosmetics was detailedly investigated.The results showed that the demulsification of isopropanol which compared with acetonitrile and ethanol is best.The concentration of isopropanol aqueous solution has influence on extraction of BTEX in cosmetics.When the volume ratio of isopropanol to water is about 2:3,in the φ（isopropanol）40% aqueous solution,isopropanol could be fully contacted with BTEX in cosmetics.Therefore,the extraction rate of six kinds of benzene was higher.The spiked recoveries by the proposed method were 81.1 98.2 %,and the limits of detection were 1.1 3.9 ng/g.Part three: Based on isopropanol-（NH₄）2SO₄-H₂ O aquatic two phase system,a fast and high-effecient sample pretreatment method was developed for analyzing antioxidants in cosmetics sample by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy（GC-MS）.In this article,the influences of organic solvents,salts,cleaning agent and water content on extraction of BHA,BHT from cosmetics samples were studied.The results of equilibrium dialysis indicated that the demulsification of isopropanol is best.Isopropyl alcohol solution with a volume fraction of about 40% was as the extract solution,then NaCl was added to above system to form aqueous two phase.Following the antioxidants were extracted into upper phase with high extraction efficiencies.This resulted the high extraction efficiency of BHA,BHT from cosmetics samples.The method was used satisfactorily for the determination of BHA,BHT in spiked cosmetics samples.The spiked recoveries were 84.1-96.5% with RSD 2.11⁴.03%.The method was simple,quick and reliable.Part four:A novel method was developed for analyzing sulfonamides（SAs）in cosmetics by High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）,which was using aqueous two-phase technique for preparing samples.When sulfonamide compounds standard solution was prepared,it was found that the φ（acetonitrile）50% as standard diluent was the best,because the peak shape and recoveries of 4 sulfonamides were best in this case.The influence factors on formation of aqueous two-phase system were investigated.Meanwhile,the effect of the water content on extraction of sulfonamides from cosmetics was detailedly investigated.The results showed that the φ（methanol）30% was as extraction solvent,then dipotassium phosphate was added to above system to form aqueous two phase,following the sulfonamides were extracted into upper phase with high extraction efficiencies from cosmetics samples.This method was used for the ditermination of sulfonamides in cosmetics,with the spiked recoveries and RSD were 81.1%⁹9.5% and 2.01%⁴.09%,respectively.Part five: Based on CH₃OH-K2HPO₄-H₂ O aquatic two phase system,a fast and high-effecient sample pretreatment method was developed for analyzing TCs in cosmetics samples by High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.The influence factors on formation of aqueous two-phase system on extraction of TCs from cosmetics were investigated in this study.In φ（methanol）30%（the volume fraction of methanol）aqueous solution,methanol could contact with TCs in cosmetics well enough.The C₁₈ and PSA were appended in upper phase to remove other impurities.This resulted in the high extraction efficiency of TCs from cosmetics samples.This method was used for the ditermination of TCs in cosmetics with rate of recoveries and the detection limits were 87.1%⁹8.1% and the detection limits were 14.4 ng/g,18.1 ng/g,19.1 ng/g,respectively.