Study On Water Consumption Survey Assessment And Pollution Control Countermeasures Of Standardized Food Markets In Shanghai

The food market is an important basic service facility for the city.Shanghai,as one of the national standard vegetable farms demonstration project pilot cities,at the end of 2014,has built 827 standardized food markets,the current commitment to the city's nearly 80%of the main food supply.The number of standardized food markets in Shanghai has increased year by year,but the planning layout and environmental management still follow the old thinking and mode.Many new residential area with the standardized food markets,soon after being put into use,the rubbish was strewn everywhere and the sewage flowed over the floor,emitting an unpleasant smell.The increasingly prominent environmental pollution problems have become the focus of the general public attention.This research work is supported by the major research project "Research on the construction of water-saving society"(No:11JZD024).According to the characteristics such as the large amount of water consumption,the lack of water quota,the improvement of sewage treatment facilities,the large output of solid waste and the low utilization rate of solid waste,the water consumption of 20 standardized food markets in Shanghai were investigated in June and December of 2016 respectively based on the method of field survey,experimental test,comparative analysis and statistical analysis of SPSS.The water consumption of aquatic area,ground cleaning water and catering service area was investigated in Qihe Road food market,Gurong food market,Yunlian food market,Quyang food market,Changfeng market,and Hongliu food market.With collecting aquaculture wastewater,ground washing wastewater and aquatic washing sewage samples,the concentration of ammonia nitrogen,COD,BODs,SS were tested and the water quality of the sewage was analyzed.Solid waste production,solid waste pollution equivalent,solid waste collection methods and solid waste treatment and disposal process were analyzed to evaluate the solid waste pollution situation of standardized food markets in Shanghai.To investigate the countermeasures of water saving and pollution prevention of standardized food markets,from the aspects of reforming water-saving technologies,setting up water consumption quota,environmental protection facilities construction into the planning layout,improving star assessment mechanism and public participation to provide the reference for the water saving and environmental pollution control work and practical significance for drawing up water quota and solving the environmental pollution problems of standardized food markets in Shanghai and other areas.The main conclusions of the paper are as follows:(1)The water consumption of standardized food markets in Shanghai:?different water prices,in which a small number of food markets pay with the residential water price;?different water consumptions in different sectors,in which aquatic product accounts for about 50%,and water for washing the ground and catering are the second and third respectively;?significant difference in water consumption between seasons,the average amount of water used by the 20 investigated markets in June was 912 cubic meters,30%more than the 705 cubic meters in December;?there was a significant positive correlation between the monthly water consumption and the area of the markets,but the correlation with the rate of the markets was not obvious.(2)Estimation of total water consumption of standardized food markets in Shanghai:the average monthly consumption of the 20 investigated food markets in 2016 was 808.5 cubic metres,and according to a survey done by the end of 2014,there were a total of 827 standardized food markets in Shanghai.Thus,via a simple estimation,the water consumption of all standardized food markets in Shanghai was 8.019 million cubic meters and the average consumption was 25.6 litres per square meters per day.And the results of estimation can provide reference and scientific basis for the development of water consumption standards and the management of water supply as well.(3)The quality of wastewater from standardized food markets in Shanghai:?compared with the standard for Class V surface water,the aquatic wastewater was worse than the standard in the COD and BOD5 concentration;?compared with the standard for Class V surface water,the water for washing the ground were worse than the standard in the ammonia nitrogen,COD and BOD5 concentration;? compared with sewage standard,water used for fish slaughtering was worse in COD,while compared with the standard for Class ? surface water,it was worse in ammonia nitrogen,COD,BOD5 concentration.(4)Solid waste pollution of standardized food markets in Shanghai:? the average daily amount of solid waste produced in June were higher than those in December;?there was a significant positive correlation between the average daily amount of solid waste and the area of the markets,but the correlation with the rate of the markets was not obvious.? smaller food markets tended to be more efficient in treating solid waste;? 75%of the standardized food markets separated solid waste in two classes,namely dry and wet,20%separated in recyclable and non-recyclable,5%didn't separate solid waste;?the disposal of solid waste in food markets:landfill plastic,incinerate kitchen waste,compost fruit skins and vegetable leaves.