| There are serious environmental problems with the rapid development of intensive and large-scale animal husbandry.Livestock pollution has become one of agricultural source pollution in China.This study mainly focus on the harmless and resourceful treatment of livestock pollution.We studied the parameters and efficiency of this mode by using the rice husk,sawdust and high-efficiency bacteria as the main material to make fermentation bedding material,which provided data base for the production of application of the method.Experiment 1.To explore the evaporation efficiency of water in the mode of composting,we mixed the litter,bacteria and fecal water,and added the mixture to a 1 m3 fermentation tank.And controlled the C/N at about 30,maintained the moisture content at about 65%.We started the test when the temperature rose above 55℃.The moisture content was measured at1 d,3 d,6 d,9 d and 12 d during the test,and then calculated the water evaporation efficiency.The results showed that the evaporation efficiency of water in composting mode was 8.1kg/d·m3.Experiment 2.We investigated the evaporation efficiency of water in the aerobic fermentation mode.A total of three 1.92 m3 initial fermentation reactors were selected to set three different water additions of 8.5 kg/d,16.8 kg/d and 25.2 kg/d.And measure the water evaporation efficiency of the fermentation reactor by sampling in the pre-period middle and late stages.In the later stage of fermentation,the breeding material and bacteria were added to observe the operation of the reactor.The results showed that the temperature of 16.8 kg/d manure treatment lasted the longest and can last for 70 days.And the water evaporation efficiency of this group was 5.4 kg/d·m3.Short time of 8.5 kg/d group lasted short,the temperature maintained for 42 days,the water evaporation efficiency was 5 kg/d·m3,the manure addition was 25.2 kg/d,the high temperature period of the reactor was less than 16.8kg/d.The leachate appeared at the later stage of fermentation,and the average waterevaporation efficiency was 7.8 kg/d·m3.Therefore,when the addition amount of manure water is 8.7 kg/d·m3,the optimum water evaporation efficiency is 5.4 kg/d·m3.The temperature obviously rose after added the breeding material and bacteria,but the temperature maintained short.Experiment 3.To explore the changes of litter matrix in the aerobic fermentation mode.Based on the experimental conditions of experiment 2,the three-point parallel sampling was carried out at 1 d,7 d,14 d,21 d,28 d,35 d,42 d,49 d and 56 d to explore the change rule of the litter with the fermentation time.The breeding material and bacteria were added in the later stage of fermentation,and sampled at 70 d,77 d and 84 d after the supplement to study the utilization time and substrate change of late fermentation.The results showed that the content of C was decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the content of N was significantly increased(P<0.01);and the rate of C/N was decreased significantly(P<0.01);the content of P was increased significantly(P<0.01),pH was increased firstly and then decreased,but the temperature remained in the range of beneficial to fermentation.The material can be used for about three months according to the changes of basic parameters of cushion.The high temperature of litter fermentation can effectively inhibited the activity of E.coli,and the addition of the breeding material and bacteria can extend the utilization time of the stack.Experiment 4.To study the application of aerobic fermentation with litter in the production of high concentration livestock manure,we regard the actual production and application of litter composting treatment as the research object.The rice husk and sawdust were added as the materials and the fecal sewage was added regularly and periodically turned.The temperature of the fermentation process was recorded,and the parameters of the base material were analyzed during different fermentation time.The results showed that the initial fermentation temperature raised rapidly,and the maximum temperature could reach 70 ℃ at30 cm and 60 cm.The maintenance capacity of high temperature of the litter declined,the temperature of the litter decreased,the moisture content continued to rise with the continued addition of manure water.The moisture content of the litter was about 70% after 3 months,the pH decreased from 8.8 to 6.75,the content of C decreased from 42% to 40%,the content of N increased from 0.47% to 0.74%,the rate of C/N decreased from 90 to 56.The basicparameters of the litter showed that the proper management,control of the amount of fecal water,fermentation pile could continue to keep fermenting,and continue to effectively deal with high concentration fecal sewage.In conclusion,litter aerobic fermentation can effectively deal with fecal sewage to achieve harmless and resource processing requirements,which provides a viable idea for the treatment of fecal sewage.Fecal sewage added 8.7 kg/d·m3 have the best processing efficiency under current conditions,the water evaporation efficiency is 5.4 kg/d·m3... |
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