| Polychrome relics are great treasures of ancient China which have significant value to the research of Chinese history , culture, and art. But these aged culture relics are easily damaged by natural light,temperature variation, humidity changes and microorganisms, caused a lot problems such as the deformation of pigment layer, powdering of the surface and so on. In order to avoid these problems, the reinforce and protection of the polychrome relics always be an important topic to the investigators. In 1970s, polymer materials replaced traditional materials in reinforce and protection of the polychrome relics, and it’s still widely used nowadays. Though at first, polymer materials shows great advance--it permeates faster and easy to use. But as time goes by, polymer materials caused a series of irreversible damages. At the same time, traditional material(gelatin) was used over thousand years, and the pigment layer still keeps flawless and perfect, that shows that the traditional material is much better than polymer materials. Besides, gelatin is non-toxic, pollution-free and cheap, it solves the problem of second damage in the progress of protection, keeps the DNA of the cultural relic and it won’t makes any trouble to the future protection. Adhere to the principle of cultural relics protection that using the original materials and tecnique to recover the culture relics, to generalize traditional materials like gelatin is a historical mission to every investigators.The article is divided into three parts:In order to better understand the physical and chemical properties of the traditinal reinforcing agent and the application effect in the painted cultural relics.The first part is research about the attribute of traditional material and Synthesis polymer materials. My experiments is mainly about testing membrane materials of gelatin,B72,AC33,PVB and simulated polychrome samples covered by those reagents. The experiments about membrane materials including hydrophobicity analysis, chroma change during ultraviolet radiation aging test, mechanical strength analysis, permeability test and do morphology analysis about the change of chroma, mass and wetting angle during the ultraviolet radiation aging test by FT-IR and SEM. The experiment about simulated polychrome samples covered by reagents of gelatin B72 AC33 and PVB including chroma change analysis before and after reinforce,hydrophobic property analysis, chroma change analysis during the ultraviolet radiation aging test. According to the experimental result, gelatin shows advantage in majority tests, proved gelatin’s aging resistance is better than others,it used as reinforcement material adhere to the principle of cultural relics protection and keeps the sample as what it is.However, experiments show that the colour of gelatin and green samples changes obviously in aging experiment,in addition, gelatin has large Hardness ,small toughness and poor permeability, before use to be heated,melted and easily become a gel seriously limits its use as a reinforcing agent.In view of the above problems, the gelatin was modified. Because microemulsion has the advantages of small dispersion, good permeability, convenient configuration, good thermodynamic stability and long time no delamination, the microemulsion technology is used to modify the gelatin.The second part is about the preparation of gelatin microemulsion.Through the experiment, W/O gelatin microemulsion didn’t adhere to the principle of cultural relics protection,0/W glutin microemulsion is a better choice. The experiment discussed about influence factors like water/oil ratio,different emulsifier types, concentration,temperature, different method of adding and stir. By using UV-vis spectrophotometer,the result shows: when water/oil ratio is 10:l,two emulsifiers compound and when span80:Tween80=1: 10,at 33℃ -40℃ ,using high speed stirring and low speed shearing alternately, and the adding method is aqueous phase - aqueous surfactant + oil phase- oil phase surfactant, the microemulsion has better stability and better transmittance. The microemulsion made that way is shining clear and reflex blue light. Membrane material made by this microemulsion adheres to the principle of cultural relics protection. And applicable to the protection of polychrome relics.The third part is performance comparison between traditional gelatin reagent and modified gelatin. The experiment tested permeability, mechanical property, viscosity, period of storage, Membrane materials’ chroma change during ultraviolet radiation aging test between traditional gelatin and modified gelatin. The result shows the modified gelatin is better than traditional gelatin except viscosity. But the modified gelatin is still applicable to use as reinforcement materials. |
