Study On The Pollution Of Industrial "Three Wastes" In Minhang City (1949-1966)

Shanghai municipal Party committee and municipal government took the opportunities,making the most of the resource and developing reasonably in the trend that the development of industry in coastal areas was valued in 1956.And the decision changed the previous practice which control development of Shanghai and preserve the status quo,bringing about a turning point for the Shanghai industrial construction.However,Shanghai city covers an area of 636.18 square kilometers,with a population of 5,634,800.That means the industrial land was limited in this city and the population density is very large.Repeated consultations were held in Shanghai,Jiangsu and Central relevant ministries and commissions in order to change this situation.Ultimately,ten counties of Jiangsu Province,including Shanghai County which contains what knows as Minhang and Wujing,allocated to Shanghai in 1958 by the State Council.Under the process of the second industrial reorganization in Shanghai,combined with the Great Leap Forward Movement and transformation of the old city,many heavy chemical industries built or relocated in Minhang city which included Minhang region and Wujing region.The landscape was changed.This is,the villages and towns transformed to the urban area within a few years,following by various problems,including three industrial wastes.The attitude varied among the commune members,factories and government toward the pollution,and they took different steps from their own interests to deal with it.Nevertheless,the environment governance had little effect because it was not the core issue that they cared about.Farmers was the first to be affected.They attributed a series of phenomena such as reduction of food produce,health issues and the death of fish and shrimp to factories nearby.But they did not recognize the real and concrete reason was pollute because of the restrictions of their structure of knowledge.Reparations,digging wells and removal were the three main solutions came up by these farmers.They fought for interest by creating a disturbance,writing letters and exaggerating the loss,as well as negotiated with factories in the name of commune.These factories not only needed to resolve disagreement,but also should ensure the completion of the production plan.The central government began to carry out a policy that aimed to comprehensive use and recycle of waste gas and water,as well as turn them to a part of production process by the end of the 1950s.It was well designed,while little put into practice for the limitation both of expenditure and technology.When it came to the solution to the damage,the commune and the factories held difference point of view.The party committee of the county and district,along with municipal authority had several field investigations,inclining to support the commune basically.This problem also appeared in many other booming district with heavy chemical industry throughout the country.The purpose of the policy mentioned above was to make waste profitable.There were transformation during the implementation by the administrative organs.The intricate relationship among farmers,factories and government made the process of the pollution treatment complicated.No one was concerned with the pollution problem.