| Tea poetry are exquisite word which written with the mood of the poets have very strong realistic nature and full of literati of romantic feelings condense tea drinking customs and artistic charm.Fujian tea which arose in the Late Tang and Five Dynasties had been got a lot of praise and reputation by literati celebrities in the subsequent history.Since then,the number of tea poetry about Fujian increased quickly.The content of tea poetry reflects the close relationship between the Fujian tea and Mainstream tea culture from different angles.In the aspect of exploring the characteristics of Fujian tea culture,these tea poems are worthy to be researched.Therefore,this thesis expand the collecting and organizing of Fujian tea poems according to the order of Dynasties,and selected typical poets and his tea poetry in-depth analysis with important tea history events as reference based on all aspects of the tea history data and the results of other researchers to explore the regional drinking customs and drinking art about tea.The results of the study are as follows:1.The number of poems and the drinking characteristics of Fujian tea in different periodsThis thesis have collected 306 tea poems about Fujian province,including 265 tea poems praising the tea completely and 41 tea poems containing the word of "tea".Fujian tea poetry involve poets and poems of six times including the Tang Five Dynasties,the Northern Song Dynasty,the Southern Song Dynasty,the Yuan Dynasty,the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.According to the main content of praise,these poems can also be divided into two periods.Firstly,in Tang-Song period,the tea cakes that produced in Jianzhou,a city in northern Fujian province,had become the most important tea which was often praised by poets in their poems.Especially,a celebration of the Beiyuan Longfeng Tea Cakes with the culture of whisking tea had made a formation of"Beiyuan Tea Wind".Secondly,in Yuan-Ming-Qing period,the Wuyi tea that produced in Wuyi mountain,a small city in northern Jianzhou Fujian province,had become the most important tea which was often praised by poets in their poems.Especially,after entering the Qing Dynasty,the celebration of the new Wuyi tea including small-leaf black tea and oolong tea had made a formation of "Congou Tea Wind" with the sipped drinking cultre.2.The regional culture characteristics of Fujian tea poetry in Tang-Song periodThe Tang-Song period that include three parts of the Tang Five Dynasties,the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty has 201 tea poems about Fujian province.These poems including 167 completely praising the tea and 34 containing the word of tea.We can come to the conclusion that this period was the process that the Fujian tea was from unknown to known,then calmed down and diluted its form,and promoted its spirit and artistic conception based on the number of tea poems,the content of tea poems and the status of the poet.Fujian tea poems in Tang Five Dynasties with tea poems containing the word of "tea" as the main form,present the fusion both in and out culture,with the thought of Qin Xi,Han Wo and other scholars who came from other provinces and had just settled in Fujian as the precursor,with the regional tea customs of Huang Tao,Xu Yin and other local scholars as the featuring.Among them,Xu Yin's "Thanks to the Chief of Tea" reflect comprehensively Fujian tea culture.Fujian tea poems in Northern Song Dynasty with a large number of tea poems praising the tea which completely presents the tea supervision officials to improve the manufacturing technology of tea and to promote Fujian tea culture through poetry and other forms.This thesis choosed 99 poems including most regional representative Ting Wei's "How to Make the New Tea in Beiyuan" and Cai Xiang's "Ten Poems to Praise the Beiyuan Tea".In Southern Song Dynasty,praising the tea were the main form of Fujian tea poems made by patriotic personage and neo-confucianism's poems:Li Sang,Li Mixun,Liu Zihui and Zhu Xi.These poems represent the ideological content and philosophical interest of Fujian local tea culture rather than its form of whisking tea.3.The regional cultural characteristics of the tea poems in Yuan-Ming-Qing periodIn Yuan-Ming-Qing period,there were total 105 tea poems about Fujian province,including 97 praising the tea completely and 8 containing the word of "tea" · The number of poems are decreased comparing with the Tang and Song Dynasties.Only 24 tea poems had been created in Yuan Dynasty and mainly expressed the Fujian scribes' life attitude that stayed away from politics and contented with seclusion.Set Chen Pu,Xiong He,Hong Xiwen and Huang Zhencheng's tea poems as representative to presents the delicate beauty of tea.In Ming Dynasty,36 tea poems mainly praising Wuyi tea as the core and creating by Fujian scholars living in the late Ming Dynasty showed a new atmosphere of Wuyi tea after the Wuyi tea garden tribute system was abolished.Among these tea poems,the description of Xie Zhaozhe and Xu Bo were the most vivid,and reflected that the scholars were proud of Fujian tea with high praise and full confidence.The number of Fujian tea poems slightly increased of 45 recorded in Qing Dynasty.Among them,Zhou Lianggong's "Fujian Tea Song" and Ruan MinXin's "Wuyi Tea Song" to elaborate Wuyi tea history and describe the tea technical innovation gain the special status in the history of tea in Fujian.In addition,in the late Qing Dynasty,congou tea began to appear in poems.Yuan Mei's "Attempt Wuyi Tea" and Chen Qiren's "Congou Tea" reflected that the congou tea culture had became the Fujian regional characteristics at that time.4.Beiyuan tea characteristic was the visual arts based on whisking teaBeiyuan tea characteristic mainly contains visual aesthetic style of three aspects,tea cakes,tea set and tea foams.Firstly,the tea cake embodied in the shape,the color and the dragon with phoenix relief decoration on the surface.Second,the tea set had tea bowl made in Jianzhou is black porcelain but its' interior formed bright color stripes due to the high variable temperatrue in kiln,such as Tuhao Spot,Zhegu Spot and Youdi Spot.Obviously,visual perception was highly emphasized by the people in Song dynasty,as these spots were repeatedly emphasized in poems.Third,tea foam refer to the white foams in the process of whisking tea.From the large number of tea poems and the fantasy imagination of tea foams,we can know the visual appeal constituted by the white tea foams and the black tea bowl.Comprehending above three points,visual art was the core value of Beiyuan Tea Wind.5.Congou Tea characteristic is the sipped drinking art based on the sense of smell and tasteSipped drinking is the core in Congou Tea characteristic.In the process of sipping,aroma and taste of tea will make a strong impact on the sense of smell and taste.Firstly,the tea set of Congou Tea fully reflect the unique features of Gongfu tea with the drinking way of small pot,small cup,hot drink and sipping tea.Secondly,smelling aroma.Oolong Tea aroma fragrance,between flowers and honey,with rich connotation and change,forming the unique smell of art.Thirdly,sipping tea.Oolong Tea tasted sweet,smooth and dense,and the aroma can be melted into tea soup to form a unique water fragrance.Only by sipping to mobilize all parts of the tongue taste,the mysterious aroma and taste of tea can be felt.In combination with the above three points,the art of sipping tea with smell and taste is the core value of Congou tea.In a word,in the study of Fujian tea poetry,this thesis not only completed the system carding of Fujian tea poetry and human exploration but also summed up the two different historical stages with rich cultural connotation and artistic charm of local tea characteristic in poems on the basis of previous studies.Beiyuan Tea Characteristic is a mature and complete drinking art fusing regional characteristic and era commonness.Congou Tea Characteristic is fully mobilize human senses initiative,and maximum exert the charm of Oolong tea on the sense of smell and taste that then make it become the essence of Fujian tea culture. |
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