Synthesis, Characterization And Application Of High Oil Absorbing And Water Absorbing Resins

With the high speed developments of petroleum industry and marine transportation in the world, oil spill on the sea and oily sewage emission have been causing more and more serious environmental pollution. To prepare highly green and efficient clean up materials has attracted extensive interests. Of various cleanup methods for oil pollutants, the adsorption has usually been considered to be superior to other techniques in view of its high adsorptive capacity, speedy adsorption rate, and comparatively low cost, wide range of applications, simple design, easy operation, low harmful secondary products and facile regeneration of the adsorbents. Especially, high oil-absorption resins have been widely studied and applied for their excellent properties.At present high oil-absorption resins based on polyacrylate copolymers have widely been studied and showed relatively high oil absorbency. So in this thesis, the acrylate oil absorption resin was selected as a study subject, and environment friendly room temperature ionic liquid and abundant, cheaper and natural polymer materials such as cellulose, and attapulgite were used as oil-absorption improving components. We hope to obtain some eco-friendly and excellent performance of high oil absorption resins through the composition of these natural and synthesized polymers.The thesis consists of four parts as follows:Chapter 1:Oil contamination status and corresponding treatment methods were introduced and a progress of syntheses and applications of the oil absorptive materials was reviewed.Chapter 2:A novel of high oil-absorption resin was prepared by a suspension polymerization using 1-butyl-3-(2-methacryl) ethyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIm)PF6", methyl methacrylate (MMA), and butylacrylate (BA) as monomers, azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, N, N methylenebis (acryl amide)(MBA) as crosslinking agent and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) as dispersant and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of different polymerization technological parameters, such as the mass ratios of the monomers, the addition amounts of the initiator, the cross-linker and the dispersant, the polymerization temperature and time, on the oil absorbency of the high oil absorption resin p(BMIm-MMA-BA) copolymer were examined in detail. Under the optimal condition, the oil absorbency was about 25.6 g/g for benzene,22.6 g/g for xylene,32.3g/g for chloroform, and 30 g/g for carbon tetrachloride respectively. The kinetic investigation indicated the oil absorption obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation.Chapter 3:A highly oil-absorptive magnetic composite resin p(methyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate)/ATP-Fe3O4 was prepared by a conventional suspension polymerization using methyl methacrylate, and butylacrylate were used as monomers, and N, N-methylenebis acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator on the modified ATP-FeaO4 substrate. The optimum reaction condition was examined in detail. The results indicated that the prepared composite resin combined characteristics of stronger magnetism and higher oil absorbency. The resultant resin had high oil absorbency and the highest absorbencies respectively reaches 23.8,25,30.0 and 32.6 g/g for xylene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform, which were higher than some oil absorptive materials previously reported. At the same time, it could easily be recovered and reused too. Kinetic investigation proved that the oil absorption obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and intraparticle diffusion model.Chapter 4:An eco-friendly high-swelling superabsorbent composite CMC-g-poly(acrylic acid-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid)/Attapulgite based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and inorganic clay Attapulgite (ATP) was prepared via a grafting copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), using with N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linking agent, ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and polyethylene glycol(PEG) as a phase transfer catalyst. The effects of polymerization conditions on the swelling ability of the superabsorbent composite were investigated. The results indicated that the prepared superabsorbent had high water absorbency. Saturated water absorbencies of the superabsorbent reached 864 g/g for distilled water and 72 g/g 1 for 0.9 wt% NaCl aqueous solution respectively. The water absorbency of the composites was dependent on the pH of external solutions and used saline solutions.