Study On Quality Of Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil Extracted By Different Methods

Camellia oleifera seed produced in Hunan was chosen as raw material in this study. The content of the main component of the camellia seed kernel and camellia shell was analyzed. Single factor analysis of four factors such as heating temperature, heating time, solid-liquid ratio and stirring speed were conducted to investigate their influence on the amount of flavonoids in camellia seed oil extracted by aqueous enzymatic method. On the basis of single factor, the pretreatment method for determination of flavonoids in camellia seed oil was optimized by orthogonal test. Crude oil from camellia oleifera seed were extracted by aqueous enzymatic method, aqueous method, pressing method and organic solvent leaching method. Physicochemical indexes, storage stability and the inhibitory effect on common pathogenic microorganisms of different kinds of crude oil were comparative analyzed. The results are as follows:(1) The chemical analysis results indicated that moisture, ash, crude protein, total sugar, starch, crude fat, total flavonoids, polyphenol and camellia saponin content in camellia seed kernel and seed testa were 5.65% and 11.42%,2.74% and 2.05%,10.26% and 3.02%, 10.12% and 1.87%,12.72% and 0.82%,44.25% and 2.01%,3.46% and 4.73%,1.55% and 5.02%,8.95% and 15.68%, respectively.(2) The orthogonal test results showed that when the temperature was 60?, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:10, the time was 60min, the amount of flavonoids in camellia seed oil was the most, which reached 43.60mg/Kg.(3) Camellia seed oil was extracted by four kinds of methods and the quality of oil was analyzed.The difference of physicochemical indexes of crude oil extracted by aqueous enzymatic method and aqueous method was not significant. The refractive index, acid value, peroxide value, saponification value and squalene content of crude oil extracted by aqueous enzymatic method were between the crude oil extracted by pressing method and organic solvent leaching method. The quality of camellia oleifera seed oil extracted by pressing method was relatively poor, which had the highest content of benzopyrene and peroxide value. The fatty acid composition of camellia oleifera seed oil extracted by different methods was similar, the content of unsaturated fatty acids were 84%.(4) After storage of 180 days under the condition of room temperature and avoiding light, physicochemical indexes of camellia seed oil were changed. Acid value and peroxide value increased significantly while flavonoids and squalene content were greatly reduced. Saponification value increased slightly and iodine value decreased slightly, however, the composition and content fatty acid changed inconspicuously. Camellia oleifera seed crude oil stored under the condition of low temperature and avoiding light had the lowest rising rate of acid value and peroxide value, the lowest decreasing rate of flavonoids content. However, crude oil stored under room temperature andillumination condition was the opposite.(5)5% camellia seed oil can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella. The inhibition effect of camellia seed oil on Escherichia coli was poor, and the inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus was the strongest. As for the antibacterial activity of camellia seed oil, extracted by organic solvent leaching method was the best, while extracted by pressing method was the worest. The antibacterial activity of camellia seed oil had good thermal stability, acid and alkali stability and storage stability.