Contamination Characteristics Of F-53B,OBS And Other Poly-and Per Fluoroalky Substances In Typical Areas

Per-and polyfluoroalky substances(PFASs)have been extensively used in industrial and household applications because of its unique physical and chemical properties.PFASs,especially long chain PFASs,are a sort of persistent organic pollutants with the characteristics of environmental persistence,bioaccumulation,toxicity and long-distance transport.The wide use of PFASs related products result in their widespread existence in the environment all over the world.The adverse environmental hazards caused by PFASs have lead to a series of regulatory actions to reduce or restrict the the production or use of PFASs with long chain.For example,perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),its salts and perfluorooctanesulfonyl(PFOSF)were listed as Persistent organic Pollutants(POPs)in the annex B of the Stockholm Convention in 2009.Since then their production and use will be subjected to strict management and restriction.The result from restriction is that compounds with similar structure with PFASs will be produced and used as their alternatives,such as short chain PFASs,polyfluorinated ether materials and son on.However,the study on their environmental behavior,biological accumulation and human exposure is very scarce.This paper focuses on the study of pollution distribution of chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid(F-53B)and perfluorononenyloxy benzene sulfonate(OBS)in the typical industry and region.The occurrence and pollution characteristics of PFASs in surface water,sediment and soil collected from surrounding four electroplating industrial parks in Guangdong province were investigated.The result showed that the short-chain PFASs and F-53 B were widely detected in the above area.Short chain PFASs were predominant in water with high detection rates,while F-53 B was detected in only 8% of samples with relative low concentration.However,PFOS,F-53 B and its homologue C10 Cl-PFESA were predominant PFASs in sediment,with the concentration ranges at <MLD-156.3 ng/g,<MLD-11.6 ng/g and <MLD-14.0 ng/g,respectively.The concentration of F-53 B in soil surrounding electroplating parks ranged from 0.2 to 41.9 ng/g with the detection rate at 96%.The above results showed that F-53 B easily adsorbed to sediment with poor mobility;Correlation analysis indicated that F-53 B shared similar source and transport process with PFOS in sediment.The pollution characteristics of PFASs and OBS in the surrounding water and sediment of Daqing oil field were investigated,and the acute toxicity of O BS for zebrafish was preliminary assessed.The result showed that OBS and other PFASs were widely detected in the oil field and surround ing area.The detection rates of OBS in water,collected in June and November,2015,were 91% and 95%,with average concentrations of 409.73 ng/L and 296.73 ng/L,respectively;the detection rates of OBS in sediment were 100% and 93%,with average concentrations of 59.87 ng/g and 7.25 ng/g,respectively.The PFASs pollution levels in summer in area surrounding Daqing oil field were much higher than those in winter.OBS was found to be the most abundant PFAS in water and sediment from lakes surrounding oil field area.The spatial distribution of OBS indicated that there is relative close correlation between the density of oil well and the concentrations of OBS in water.LC50(96h)of OBS on zebrafish is 25.08 mg/L,which is a three grade acute toxicity of chemical poison that harmful to aquatic life.The removals on PFASs were studied in three wastewater treatment plants in Tianjin.PFASs removal is different for different processes.In general,the total removal rate was relatively low(14%-24%),especially F-53 B and O BS,which were no obvious remove.It is effective for removing shorten chain PFASs(C5-C7)using traditional A/O technology,Hydrolysis acidification with enhanced phosphorus or nitrogen removal process.In addition,the relative high concentration of long chain carboxylic acids(C10-C12),PFOS,F-53 B and O BS were observed in sludge samples with the total concentrations of ?PFASs range of 33.11-264.49 ng/g.So it is necessary for us to pay more attention to the adverse impact from the discharge of wastewater and reuse of sludge with higher concentration of PFASs.