| As a traditional Chinese wine with a long history, Chinese Rice Wine(CRW) is famous for its unique fermentation technology and brewing process. And it is also one of the most three famous brewing technologies in the world, following beer and wine.CRW is also widely known for keeping good health and commonly used in the traditional Chinese medicine prescription guiding drug. According to the modern scientific research, it is found that CRW is rich in species and has higher concentration of nutrients:CRW contains more than 15 kinds of polyphenols, such as chlorogenic acid, clove acid, ferulic acid, p- coumaric acid, catechin and epicatechin, rutin, quercetin, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and caffeic acid, which makes CRW have good antioxidant effect. As an inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA can regulate the body's physiological function and the lack of it will lead to emotional irritability. GABA is also related with degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer and so on. GABA is abundant in CRW that it can be as high as 360 mg/L. Amino acid is not only the raw material for proteins,but also play an important role in various life activities of body. Active peptide has many physiological functions, such as regulating enzyme and hormone, scavenging free radicals, adjusting immunity, reduceing cholesterol and promoting the growth of the body and so on. Among all kinds of brewing wines, CRW has the highest amount of protein. The content of amino acid, peptide and oligopeptide are respectively 7.55 times and 4.25 times of that in beer. The content of polysaccharides in CRW is much higher than wine and beer. Oligosaccharides, a kind of peptic sugar, will not increase the content of blood glucose and blood lipid. In addition, oligosaccharides is knownas “bifidogenic factors" which can be used by the colon bacteria and other beneficial bacteria in intestines. It can also promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, thus regulating the gastrointestinal function.Oligosaccharides can also promote the ability of immunity. In addition, CRW also contains more than 18 kinds of inorganic elements, mainly including the constant element, such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus and the trace elements,such as zinc, copper, iron, selenium and so on. Vitamins also has a higher content in CRW, such as vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin E and etc.However, most studies just focused on fermentation process and the analysis of composition of CRW. Although animal experiments proved the functions of CRW,such as antioxidant capacity in vivo, enteric microorganism, the effects of polysaccharide on immunodeficient mice, antagonistic effects on plumbism mice and the ability to enhance the sutuy, the researches on other physiological function of CRW are still deficient. This article provides more evidence of health care function of CRW by scientific methods such as physiological and biochemical experiments,which can further provide more theories on the value of CRW.This research is divided into three parts as follows.1.The effect of CRW on improving the anti-fatigue ability of miceIn this part, the hepatic glycogen, blood lactic acid and serum urea nitrogen were chosen as the indexes to reflect the effects of CRW on the anti-fatigue ability of mice.Mice were randomly divided into four groups(control group, low-dose CRW, middle-dose CRW and high-dose CRW group) performing with 0.25 m L of distilled water,0.15, 0.25 and 0.4 m L of CRW by gavage for 15 consecutive days respectively. Then the content of hepatic glycogen, changes of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and blood lactic acid(BLA) in mice after forced-swimming were measured. The CRW could obviously increase content of liver glycogen(P<0.01) and decrease the level of BLA(P <0.05) and BUN(P <0.05) to improve anti-fatigue ability. Conclusion: The CRW can improve the anti-fatigue ability of the mice.2.The effect of CRW on the influence of the anti-oxidation and anti-agingMice were randomly divided into control group, aging model control group, CRW aging model group 1 and CRW aging model group 2, in which mice were administrated intragastrically with double steaming water and different concentration of CRW respectively once a day for continuous 56 days. At the same time of the drug administration, mice of the aging model control group, CRW aging model group 1and CRW aging model group 2 were intraperitoneally injected a daily dose of 200mg/kg D-galactose and mice in control group were intraperitoneally injected of saline.(1) In this part, the SOD activity and MDA content in serum and liver of mice,total cholesterol in the liver, alterations of body quality, thymus index and spleen index were chosen as the indexes to explore the effect of CRW on the antioxidant capacity of D-galactose induced subacute senile mice. The results showed that:compared with aging model control group, serum SOD activity of mice in CRW aging model groups had no significant difference but were higher than aging model control group. There is not significant differences of serum MDA content between control group and CRW aging model groups, but the content in CRW aging model groups was lower than aging model control group. Compared to control group, CRW aging model groups had increased SOD activity in liver tissue(P<0.01), increased body quality(P<0.05), thymus index(P<0.01) and spleen index(P<0.015 and also had decreased MDA content(P<0.01) and liver total cholesterol content(P<0.01).Results suggest: CRW can significantly improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes in mice, reduce oxide content and prevent recession in the mice immune organ in the aging process.(2) The GSH-Px activity, CAT activity in the brain cortex and T- CHE content of hippocampus were used as indexes to explore the protective effect of CRW on the function of brains of D-galactose induced subacute aging mice. The results showed that: compared to aging model control group, the glutathione peroxidase activity in cerebral cortex of mice in CRW group increased significantly(P<0.01). The hydrogen peroxide enzyme activity had significant difference between two groups(p< 0.05). And the content of acetylcholine ester in hippocampus decreased significantly(p < 0.05). Results indicate: CRW has protective function on subacute aging mice brain.(3) The change of intestinal flora in mice was used as an index to explore the effect of CRW on the intestinal flora in D-galactose induced subacute senile mice. The results showed that: the preponderant bacterium group in intestinal of each mouse group was Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes.Compared to aging model control group, the CRW group had higher abundance of Bacteroidetes and lower abundance of Firmicutes. At the genus level, the CRW group mice had more abundant intestinal lactobacillus genus, Prevotella and Allobaculum genus compared to aging model control group while lower abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria, such as Erysipelotrichaceae and Fusobacterium.3. The effect of CRW on toad heart in vitro and physiological activity of rat colon(1) The amplitude and frequency of the isolated heart of toad were chosen as the indexes to observe the effect of CRW on the physiological activity of heart in vitro.The CRW and the alcohol with same alcohol content with CRW were diluted to 0.5%,1%, 2% and 5% using Ringer solution. Then, the toad heart perfusion experiments were conducted and the amplitude and frequency of systole before and after drug administration were recorded respectively. The results showed that: compared to Ringer solution, different concentrations of CRW could obviously inhibit the amplitude of systole but different concentrations of alcohol had no significant effect on the amplitude of systole(P<0.01). 0.5% alcohol had inhibitory effect on systole frequency(P<0.05). Compared to the alcoholic group, CRW group had significant difference of amplitude(P<0.01) and frequency(P<0.05) of systole. Results indicate:CRW can obviously inhibit the amplitude of the toad systole while alcohol has no effect.(2)Take the amplitude and frequency of colon physiological activity as the index to observe the effects of CRW on the colonic motility and have a preliminaryfeasibility study of isolated preparations of the colonic with Tyrode's solution, 3.5%,and 10% CRW caused a concentration-dependent change in enteric glial immunoreactivity of p ERK1/2. The CRW, ethanol(an aqueous ethanol solution having the same alcohol concentrationof the CRW) and except polyphenols of CRW were diluted to 1.5%, 3.5%, and 10% using Tyrode's solution. Then, the colonic motility of rats were conducted and the amplitude and frequency of systole before and after drug administration were recorded respectively. Then immunohistochemical detection of p ERK1/2 was used in the colonic. The results showed that: compared to Tyrode's solution, different concentrations of CRW could obviously inhibit the amplitude and frequency of colonic motility(P<0.01) but only 10% concentrations of alcohol had significant effect on the amplitude and frequency of colonic motility(P<0.01). 3.5% alcohol just had inhibitory effect on frequency of colonic motility(P<0.01). Different concentrations of except polyphenols of CRW could obviously inhibit the amplitude(P<0.01) of colonic motility but only 1.5% and 10%concentrations of except polyphenols of CRW had significant effect on the amplitude(P<0.05) of colonic motility. Compared to the alcoholic group, CRW group had significant difference of amplitude and frequency(P<0.01) of colonic motility. But compared to the except polyphenols of CRW, only 10% CRW group had significant difference of amplitude and frequency(P<0.05) of colonic motility. In addition,treatment of colonic segments with 3.5%, and 10% CRW resulted in a marked decrease in the p ERK1/2 immunofiuorescence compared with tissues with Tyrode's solution.To sum up, this study confirms that the CRW can improve the ability of anti-fatigue and antioxidant and has the protective effect on the brains of aging mice. CRW can also improve the situation of the intestinal flora in aging mice and has inhibitory functions on isolated heart and gastrointestinal motility. These experimental results will provide experimental basis for a better understanding of the mechanism of CRW,and put forward a new idea for exploring and developing the function of CRW. |
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