Design And Application Of Automatic Snow Depth Monitoring System Based On The Difference Of Infrared Light Transmission Characteristics

Mohe County in Heilongjiang Province is located in the northernmost part of China.The average annual temperature is-5.5°C,and the monthly average temperature below 0 ? will continue 8 months.The natural environment there is extremely bad.However,the unique geographical environment makes Mohe County rich in water resources,as a result of which water resources per capita is higher than the average level of the whole country.Snow resource is an important part of water resources in Mohe River.The snowfall period is more than 6 months every year.Therefore,snow resource assessment is very important.As a key parameter of the change of river runoff,the change of ice and snow depth not only can reflect the variations of snow resources,but also indirectly forecast the time and other information when the river begins to flow.It has important practical significance for realizing hydrology informatization,establishing hydrological model and ice flood forecasting.The Hydrographic station of Mohe County adopts manual measurement to measure the depth of snow on the river course,which is not only inefficient,but also not convenient for continuous measurement,and there is certain danger.Therefore,the development of a set of automatic snow depth monitoring equipment for local environment is imminent.On the basis of Infrared Lighting Detection Sensor for Snow depth,by Du Chao et al,by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the sensor in structure and detection principle,we studied the infrared light transmission characteristic difference of different media(ice,snow and air).The sensor is redesigned and an automatic monitoring system equipped with the sensor is designed.An automatic snow depth monitoring system with the characteristics of low power consumption,low cost and cold resistance is developed in this paper.The system realizes the fixed point,continuous,real-time and automatic monitoring of snow depth over the river ice.In the whole system design and experiment,the following work has been accomplished:1.By analyzing the problems existing in traditional snow depth detection sensors,the differences in the transmission characteristics of infrared light in different media were tested,which is applied to snow depth detection,and then the detection principle and equivalent circuit of the sensor are determined.Sufficient theoretical research is made for the development of sensors.2.According to the principle of sensor detection,the sensor is designed,including structure,internal circuit and package.After the sensor design is finished,the resistance of the low temperature and waterproof performance are tested,and the field installation mode is determined to ensure the stability of the sensor operation.3.The hardware design of the monitoring system is completed,including module chip selection and circuit design,such as acquisition,storage and GPRS wireless transmission.The solar energy intelligent charging system and intelligent warm-keeping system can reduce the power consumption of the whole monitoring system,so that the system can operate normally at-50?.4.The software design of monitoring system is completed,the flow chart of each system module is designed,and the program is written with C language and Verilog HDL language.The PC software of ice and snow monitoring is designed,and the remote monitoring and real time processing are carried out on the test site,and the data storage and preprocessing are realized by the PC software.5.The snow depth automatic inspection system monitored the snow depth of Beiji village in Mohe County,Heilongjiang Province in the winters from 2016.12.13 to 2017.1.11 and 2017.12.9 to 2018.2.2.During the monitoring period,the system operated normally and obtained relatively complete data of snow growth and variation.Through twice snow depth monitoring,the infrared-reflective snow depth detection sensor and monitoring system based on the difference of infrared light transmission characteristics designed by this project can operate normally in the remote mountainous regions and rivers such as the alpine and high latitudes.With the advantages of low power consumption,it is suitable for field applications.By comparing with the traditional snow depth detection sensor and the artificial test results of local hydrologic station,The new snow depth detection sensor is more sensitive,which can accurately reflect the change process of snow depth.Characteristics of small volume,convenient installation and so on provide a set of feasible system equipment for winter hydrological information detection in high latitude area of China.