Studies On Flora And Geographic Distribution Of Bryophytes In Zhoushan Island And The Nearby Islands,Zhejiang Province

Dinghai area of Zhoushan Islands has many islands,and this area is the political,economic and cultural center of the Zhoushan Islands.The botanical studies of these islands in the region mostly confined to seed plants,and the distribution and related studies of bryophytes in these islands were not supported by systematic data.In December of 2016,February to April of 2017,we had been these areas?about Zhoushan island,Changbai island,Jintang island,Cezi island,Fuchi island,Panzhi island,Changzhi island,Aoshan island,Damao island,Zhujiajian island,Putuo island and Luojiashan island?to conduct ecological investigation and collection of bryophytes.After systematically identifing more than 5500 specimens of bryophytes,and combining the ecological data and studying by molecular biological methods,we draw the conclusion as follows.1.Through the identification of more than 5500 bryophyte specimens,there were61 families,120 genera,282 species and 5 varieties.Among them,21 families,29genera and 50 species belonged to liveworts and 37 families,88 genera,229 species and 5 varieties were mosses and only 3 families,3 generas and 3 species of hornworts.2.Brachytheciaceae,Pottiaceae,Bryaceae,Mniaceae and Hypnaceae are the dominant families.Bryum,Fissidens,Brachythecium,Hypnum and Entodon were the dominant genera.In these areas,such as Trachycystis microphylla?Dozy&Molk.?Lindb.,Haplocladium microphyllum?Hedw.?Broth.,Haplocladium angustifolium?Hampe&Müll.Hal.?Broth.,Eurhynchium savatieri Schimp.ex Besch.,Taxiphyllum taxirameum?Mitt.?M.Fleisch.,Pogonatum inflexum?Lindb.?Sande Lac.were the common species.3.The habitats of bryophytes in the study areas were complex.In 287 species of bryophytes,soil?217 species,75.61%?and stone?194 species,67.60%?were the main mosses.There were also some some epiphytic mosses?72 species,25.09%?,which indicated that the vegetation protection in these areas were better to some extent.Among the 287 species of mosses,39 species were able to adapt to four or more different habitats and 105 species had higher selectivity for habitat.Eurhynchium hians?Hedw.?Sande Lac.,Atrichum crispulum Schimp.ex Besch.,Haplocladium microphyllum?Hedw.?Broth.were common types of soil bryophytes;Hypnum plumaeforme Wilson,Hedwigia ciliata?Hedw.?P.Beauv.,Grimmia pilifera P.Beauv.were the common species of stone.Pylaisiella polyantha?Hedw.?Grout,Haplohymenium triste?Ces.?Kindb.,Trocholejeunea sandvicensis?Gottsche?Mizut.are the common species of epiphytic bryophytes.Fissidens perdecurrens Besch.,Rhynchostegium riparioides?Hedw.?Cardot were aquatic mosses.4.East Asia element?35.16%?and North Temperate element?25.10%?were the areal-types of bryophyte flora,this result were similar to the result about Shengsi Archipelago.5.The growth substrate,canopy density and human disturbance played important roles in the composition of bryophytes.The area,altitude and coastline of the islands played important roles in the distribution of bryophytes;their relationships could be described by these following functions:Y=37.6210X^0.2859?S=36.504,r=0.828?,Y=29.7387e^0.0036X?S=43.580,r=0.743?,Y=14.3009X^0.5406?S=31.884,r=0.872?.6.According to the results of molecular biological experiments,113 specimens of Tortula muralis had obvious gene exchange among the islands and the coastal land;Seawater had little influence on the distribution of this species.For bryophytes on coastal islands,the geographical isolation of the oceans was not obvious.