The Studies On Algae Diversity In Jinhewan Wetland,Harbin

The Jin Hewan Wetland Park is is located on the left bank of the main city of Songhua River,on the beach between the Yangmingtan Bridge and the Sifangtai Bridge.This park is 3800 meters long from east to west,which widest place between north and south is 1500 meters,with a total area of 1.8 square kilometers.This section which located from Laozhou in the west,Hulan estuary in the east,is a typical urban wetlands built by Harbin.During 2015-2016,algae samples were respectively collected from 12 sites in spring,summer and autumn.The 12 sampling sites were divided into 4 types,which include the Lake Wetland,the River Wetland,the Marsh wetland,and the river water bodies.216 samples were collected and the water environmental factors were monitored.Based on the identification and data statistics of algae,the species composition,cell abundance,seasonal distribution and spatial distribution were analyzed.Combined with a variety of diversity index on distributing state of algae in Jin Hetan wetland,the evaluation was made about its status of water quality.Using CCA(Canonical Correspondence Analysis),the corresponding relationship between environmental factors and the distribution of algae community is clearly instructed.Based on the correlation analysis of functional groups and growth strategies of algae,the succession of functional groups of algae and their growth adaptability were studied,and the water quality was evaluated synthetically with Q index The Cluster analysis and MDS analysis were used in grouping sampling sites for studying the similarity between algae community composition in different sampling sites.Through the above research,we make a comprehensive evaluation of the water environment of the Jinhe Bay,which will provide the basic data for the Jinhewan wetland biodiversity,water quality and environmental assessment and wetland protection.The main findings include:1.The investigation of the algae in the Jinhewan wetland was carried out between 2015 and 2016.A total of 429 taxa were identified,belonging to 8 divisions,10 classes,20 orders,42 families and 102 genera.Plants of bacillariophta were the most important groupwith167 taxa,followed by Chlorophyta with 154 taxa,Euglenophyta with 45 taxa,Cyanophyta with 43 taxa,Dinophyta with 11 taxa,Cryptophyta with 4 taxa,Xanthophta with 3 taxa,and Chrysophyta with 2 taxa.During these two years,the total cell abundance of the algae was 366.86×106 ind./L,the average cell abundance of the algae was 98.06×104ind./L and the variation of cell abundance was(2.59-48.67)×106 ind./L.2.Five index including Simpson dominance index(H),Simpson dominance index(D),Margalef diversity index(D),Pielou evenness index(J),diversity threshold(Dv)were used for comprehensive evaluation analysis of wetland in Jinhe Bay.Of them,Shannon Wiener diversity index(H')was ranged from 0.42 to 2.96;Simpson dominance index(D)was ranged from 0.16 to 0.91;Margalef diversity index(H)was ranged from1.82 to 9.86;Pielou evenness index(J)was ranged from 0.16 to 0.82(in 2015)and Diversity threshold index(Dv)was ranged from 2.64 to 4.43.As a result of the comprehensive analysis,the water of sampling places in the Jinhewan wetland are mild polluted or clean.The water quality of in 2015 is better than that of 2016.3.The 10 environmental parameters were measured in these two years,including water temperature(WT),pH,conductivity(SpCond.),dissolved oxygen(DO),oxidation redox potential(ORP),turbidity(Tur),chlorophyll(Chl),total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN)and chemical oxygen demand(COD).The relationships between environmental factors and the distribution of algae community are analyzed by method of Canonical Correspondence Analysis.The CCA results showed that the conductivity,pH,total phosphorus,chlorophyll and water temperature are the most important factors which can influence the structure of algae communities in 2015.And the conductivity,total phosphorus,water temperature,chemical oxygen demand,chlorophyll and turbidity are the most important factors which can influence the algae distribution in 2016.4.During the year of 2015 and 2016,there were 40 dominant species of phytoplankton in the JinHewan wetland.According to the classification of functional groups,the 17 functional groups of algae were summed up in these two years.In 2015,15 functional groups were summed up,which refers to B/D/E/F/H1/J/Lo/MP/P/S1/S2/SN/T/X1/Y.In 2016,14 functional groups were summed up,which refers to B/D/F/H1/J/Lo/MP/P/S1/S2/SN/W1/X1/Y.The seasonal succession of functional groups is closely related to the change of water temperature,and there are certain differences in the functional groups of algae in different water types.5.During the year of 2015 to 2016,R/CR/CS algal species were in dominant position,the R type resists to sunlight radiation are well-grown when the temperature reached the highest in summer,which represented by the SN(Raphidiopsis sinensia Jao)and Lo(Chroococcus cohaerens(Brébission)Naegeli).Combined with the growth strategy of C type and S type,S2(Spirulina sp.)and H1(Anabaena azotica Ley.)groups showed advantages in summer and autumn while B(Cyclotella Kützing)group combined with C type and R type showed advantages in spring and autumn,in addition,the Cyclotella Kützing could adapt to the low-light conditions,and more inclined to belonging to the R type.There are algae from different growth strategies exist adaption in corresponding water substance environments.The Q value in 2015 was ranged between 0.06 and 3.51,and Q index value in 2016 was approximately ranged from 1 to 2.On the whole,the Q value of sampling points in lake-type wetland and river-type wetland was lower in 2015,water was slightly contaminated,and the remaining sampling points of them were indicated as tolerance or moderate tolerance.6.Through the Cluster analysis and MDS analysis on algae from Jin Hewan wetland by creating Similarity matrix figure on PRIMER5.0,we concluded that there exists certain differences among each sampling site in seasons of two years,and the basic distribution was in line with water type.All of the stress numbers in MDS analysis were under 0.2,which had the corresponding results compared with Cluster analysis.It can be shown that the two analysis method can be used to support each other's conclusions in the similarity relationship of algae communities in Jinhewan wetland.