Preliminary Studies On Algae Diversity And Environmental Correlation In Anxing Wetland From Heilongjiang Province

An xing Wetland Nature Reserve which is located the left bank of two ken river inHeilongjiang province Harbin city Yilan county is a part of the Sanjiang Plain Wetlands.geographical coordinates for longitude129°26′~130°13′, north latitude46°7′~46°40′,belongs to the provincial level inland wetland. The area of wetland is11000hm2, andthe area of reservoir wetland is96hm2. In2002, An xing wetland was approved for theHeilongjiang nature reserve. As one of the focus on the protection of wetland in Yilancounty, the wetland area is larger and better ecological system. Meanwhile, naturalhabitat is complete.From October2010-July2011, chosing autumn, spring, summer as division, we setup a total of9sampling points, collecting specimens54, at the same time, wedetermined on physical and chemical indexes of the sampling points water, andinvestigated and statisticed the plant species composition of wetland, cell density anddominant species. Meanwhile, we used diversity Index diversity for the plant diversityto the structural characteristics of algae in wetland, and CCA for the correlation betweenalgae communities and environmental factors. According to the results, we studied thecluster structure of algae, and then discusses the habitat niche of the diatom and wetlandwater quality, providing the basis informations for the protection and management ofwetland. The results are as follows:1. A total of256classification unit is studied, which belongs to8phyla11classes16orders32families69genera.There are21genera64species12varieties1form inBacillariophyta;28genera74species11varieties in Chlorophyta.6genera16species inCyanophyta；5genera58species7varieties in Euglenophyta；5genera8species inDinophyta；1genus1species in Xanthophyta；1genus1species in Chrysophyta；2genera3species in Cryptophyta.The results shows that total average density is2.10x106ind./L. The density of Bacillariophyta is largest, the second is Chlorophyta.Fromthe composition of plant community on algae, the number of Chlorophyta is more thanBacillariophyta, and Bacillariophyta is more than Euglenophyta. Due to An xingwetland is in temperate regions, the seasons changing significantly, algae speciescomposition and the changes of cell density suffer the seasonal influence. Species composition of the autumn is the most, and the summer is the lowest. Cell density ofsummer is the most, and the autumn is the lowest.2. The statistics on dominant species group in sampling points of wetland shows asfollows: Oscillatoria subbrevis of Cyanophyta, Melosira granulate, Cyclotellameneghiniana, Nitzschia recta, Synedra acus of Bacillariophyta, Cryptomonas erosa,Chroomonas acuta of Cryptophyta, Trachelomonas granulose, Trachelomonasgranulosa var. crenulatocollis, Euglena caudeta of Euglenophyta, Carteria multifilis,Ankistrodesmus angustus, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum of Chlorophyta and so on. Thedominant species composition is different in seasons and points.3. In An xing wetland, the algae types are mostly common. For example,Scenedesmus quadricauda, Schroederia spiralis, Tetra dron minimum. Sometimes it isfound that Gyrosigma acuminatum, Rhopalodia gibba, Navicula cryptocephala. Thewater physicochemical index results show that the water is alkalibiontic, It matchedwith the ecology environments.4. The sampling points of physicochemical index the results show: the changerange of pH is7.1-9.12, temperature is7.3-30.5, conductivity is242-377μs/cm，TP is0.137-0.354mg/L，TN is2.2-4.66mg/L，DO is2.23-35.4mg/L，COD is58.8-90.8mg/L，BOD is3.74-9.79mg/L，Turb is53-188.5NTU. Physical and chemical indexes resultsshow that anxing wetland water beyond the Ⅴ kind of water quality standard, and thewater nutritional level was eutrophic.5. With the measures of Margalef diversity index(H), Shannon-Wiener diversityindex(H′), Pielou evenness index(J), Simpson diversity index(D), Diversitythreshold(Dv), we analysed the algae in An xing wetlands. The change range of H is6.535-9.163；H′is2.747-2.996；J is0.716-0.847；D is0.829-0.919；Dv is3.637. Sowater quality which is studied is under the condition of moderate pollution.6. We used CCA for the correlation between algae communities and environmentalfactors and analyzed the influence of diversity Index diversity for the plant diversity tothe structural characteristics of algae in wetland. The results shows that temperature,dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, conductivity are the main factors. Bydiscussing to the water quality, using biological indicators, we found that most algaebelongs to α-mesosaprobic and β-mesosaprobic, A handful of algae oligosaprobic.Sothe water quality is under condition of moderate pollution. 7. Taking use of PRIMER5.0and Bray-Curtis similarity matrix, we made Clusteranalysis and MDS to the sampling points of algae. The results showed that An xingwetland phytoplankton population structure obviously changes with three seasons,which is spring, summer, autumn. And MDS stress is less than1. Practice has provedthat Cluster analysis and MDS fit for each other, revealing the relationship betweencommunities.8. The analysis of diatom niche show that, niche breadth of Synedra acus Kützingand Nitzschia gracilis Hantzsch is the widest, and they can make fully use ofsurrounding resources. The overlaps of Synedra acus Kützing, Synedra ulna (Nitzsch.)Ehrenberg, Nitzschia gracilis Hantzsch, Nitzschia palea（Kützing）W.Smith, Cyclotellameneghiniana Kützing, Melosira granulata are more than others.