The Dissolution Of Limestone By Some Of The Mosses And The Microorganism In Karst Area In Guizhou Province

Desertification and stony desertification are threatening the large area of our land.Guizhou province is the largest maximum area and the most serious place.Stony desertification is already become the main barrier to ecological construction and sustainable development of Guizhou province and the whole southwest karst mountain area.Its affects the production and living of the masses seriously.The interaction between plant and lithosphere is one of the research hotspot in the ecology.The plant in karst area can act on carbonate rocks directly.This action can speed up the formation of soil by strongly corrode the lithosphere.So,study the dissolution of the dominant mosses and soil microbes in the karst area.It is conducive to further understanding of the soil formation.It also provides the oretical basis to vegetation recovery.The mosses plays an important role in forest ecological systems.Its beneficial to keep the water and improve the ecotope.The location of this study is Rocky desertification area of karst ecosystem observation station in Chinese Academy of Sciences in Puding county,Guizhou province.The object of this study is Bryum argenteum Hedw.?Euro hypnum leptothollum?C.Muell.?Ando.?Brachythecium procumbent?Mitt.?Jaeg.?Didymodon tectorum?c.mull.?saito and Haplocladium microphyllum Hedw..The study included: The dissolution to carbonate rocks of the whole mosses communities,including the soil microorganisms,;Study the single dissolution of those dominant plant to carbonate rocks by tissue culture the mosses;Study the single dissolution of the common soil microorganism to carbonate rocks.The results are as follows:?1?The comprehensive dissolution of 3 kinds of mosses in karst area.We set up the simulative equipment for the leaching solution of karst soil system.The object of study is three kind of main mosses in that area.Collecting the leaching to measure the p H value,specific conductance,CA activity,the ionic concentration of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺,The weight of the limestone specimens and carbon sink.In general: Euro hypnum leptothollum?C.Muell.?Ando.(272.99 U·g^-1·FW)> Bryum argenteum Hedw.(50.43 U·g^-1·FW)>Haplocladium microphyllum Hedw.(38.31U·g^-1·FW).This indicated that it exists significant difference between different mosses.For the specific conductance,the test groups are all overtop than the control ones.Haplocladium microphyllum Hedw.> Euro hypnum leptothollum?C.Muell.?Ando.>Bryum argenteum Hedw.And tendency of them all present to rise first and steady then and decline.For the p H value,Haplocladium microphyllum Hedw.>Euro hypnum leptothollum?C.Muell.?Ando.>Bryum argenteum Hedw.But the test groups are all overtop than the control groups.The p H value is Fluctuating balance after one month.The change of ionic concentration of Ca²⁺ is similar with the specific conductance,Haplocladium microphyllum Hedw.>Bryum argenteum Hedw.>Euro hypnum leptothollum?C.Muell.?Ando.It shows that there exists difference for the Calcium element migration between different mosses.And they all play the acceleration.At the first,the change of the ionic concentration of Mg²⁺ is a sharp decline.Then gradually tend to be steady after 8 days.Compare to the control groups,the leaching rate for the test groups is higher.It shows that the mosses have acceleration to the leaching rate of Mg²⁺.The carbon absorption estimation of Limestone specimens shows that Euro hypnum leptothollum?C.Muell.?Ando.have the highest erosion rate?0.00059 g.cm-2.a-1?,Haplocladium microphyllum Hedw.and Bryum argenteum Hedw.have the same erosion rate.Euro hypnum leptothollum?C.Muell.?Ando.have the highest carbon sink.The test shows that,for the CA activity,p H value and the leaching loss of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺,the test groups are higher than the control ones.It shows that the mosses which we choose to the test are all have some positive correlation with the CA,p H,specific conductance and the leaching loss of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.Meanwhile,it shows that the CA can promote the migration of Ca and Mg Elements.?2?The study of the isolated culture and dissolution of some mosses.To study the sole dissolution of mosses,we disinfect the explant of moss to obtain soma clone.The purpose is excluding the microorganism,interference of soil and other mosses.We choose the top one stem section of moss to be the test material.And each of them are about one centimeter.We choose the 70% alcohol and mercury dichloride to be the disinfector.The method of disinfection is L4?23?.The test result shows that: The best method of disinfection for Brachythecium procumbens is: 0.1% mercury bichloride-2min,70% alcohol-20s;The best method of disinfection for Bryumargenteum Hedw.is:0.05% mercury bichloride-1min,70% alcohol-20s;The best method of disinfection for Didymodon tectorum?c.mull.?saito is: 0.025% mercury bichloride-2min,70% alcohol-10s;Anther two kind of mosses have no obvious result.?3?The study of dissolution of Brachythecium procumbens?Mitt.?Jaeg.and its soil microorganism.To study the karstification of microorganism.At the first,we use different culture medium to separate microorganism.We use Broth culture medium?p H 7.2?to cultivate bacteria.using Potato culture medium?p H6.2?to cultivate fungus.And use actinomycetes culture medium?p H7.4?to cultivate actinomycetes.Plating count after attenuation.Each medium inoculates 106 bacterial strain.Setting up 4 test groups.in front of the three groups we respectively inoculate bacteria,fungus.The fourth group,we let it be the H2O-CO2 system control groups.Putting the triangular flask into the table concentrator,vibrating at 30 degree?120r/min?.we take samples at 0h,12 h,18h,24 h,30h,36 h,42h,48 h,54h and 60 h to test the specific conductance,p H value,The ionic concentration of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.After the test,we get out the specimens of limestone and dry it for weigh.The result shows that: The microorganism act on the limestone by CA.And there is some positive correlation between the CA and the specific conductance,p H value,The ionic concentration of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.The fungus has the best effect,but the actinomycetes has the worst one.