| World natural heritage site is outstanding representative site that possesses outstanding universal value in the natural landscape,geological and geomorphological,biological and ecological aspects.Meanwhile,it is also valuable resource and property endowed by nature.Fanjingshan became world natural heritage nominated site due to it has unique biological and ecological value.And it is an outstanding representative of the subtropical mountain forest ecological environment evolution.Therefore,in order to demonstrate outstanding universal value of ecological environment evolution in Fanjingshan,we need explore its climate,vegetation,geology and geomorphology is how to evolve and change with geologic age,and we educe Fanjingshan possesses world natural heritage value under ecological criterion.According to basic theories and research methods of geography,geology,palynology,ecology and other related disciplines,we took Fanjingshan world natural heritage nominated site as study area from 2014 to 2016.The following conclusions are drawn from three research contents.Firstly,Fanjingshan ecological island effect is demonstrated by using landscape ecology theory,taking its ecosystem as research object.Secondly,Fanjingshan ecological environment evolution process during the Holocene is explored through field sampling and experimental analysis,using 14 C dating,environmental proxies and pollen identification.Thirdly,the uniqueness and representativeness of Fanjingshan world natural heritage value is analyzed by comparative analysis method which let Fanjingshan comparing with world natural heritage site,world natural heritage nominated site and non-heritage sites that have characteristic of subtropical forest ecosystem.(1)Fanjingshan highlights ecological environment evolution characteristic that is from karst ecosystem to non-karst ecological system,and it completely shows ecological environment evolution process of ecological island,which is unique geological origin and the evolution history of ecological environment.Fanjingshan provides an important habitat for ancient animals and plants of Tertiary and or earlier periods because it experienced geological movements and climate change of Tertiary and or Quaternary periods and made it still rise.Moreover,the occurrence and distribution of species of Fanjingshan records settlement and extinction of complex species,evolution of endemic species and response of long-term climate change process.At the same time,it reflects the increasing island effect and the response to the pressure of modern climate change.(2)The environmental chemical indicators were employed firstly in the research of Fanjingshan ecological environment evolution,combined pollen record and 14 C dating.We innovatively explored Fanjingshan ecological environment evolution process in Holocene,especially the response characteristics of vegetation on climate.in the subtropical climate.Fanjingshan ecological environment evolution process in Holocene was recorded completely,including vegetation evolution and climate change process of the early,middle and late stages of Holocene,thereinto there was stable climate suitability in middle stage.The evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest is dominated,mixed with a small number of coniferous forest types and in Holocene,among which there was grassland and meadow in the local environment.Therefore,the ecological environment evolution well showed the response characteristics of the ecotone between evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and subalpine coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest to the subtropical mountain climate.(3)Fanjinghshan has typicalness and representativeness on ecological island evolution and Holocene ecological environment evolution characteristics by comparing with other subtropical forest ecosystem characteristics of the world heritage,the nominated and non-heritage site.In the global comparative analysis,there is no the ecological island that has obvious island effect,in addition,some contrast is the true meaning of ecological islands on the ocean.Fanjingshan completely recorded ecological environment evolution process in Holocene and reflected the response of vegetation to subtropical mountain climate.Although,there were also records of the ecological environment evolution during the Holocene,there was no complete record of the evolution process of whole Holocene.(4)Fanjingshan is an outstanding representative of subtropical montane forest and the unique paradigm of oriental deciduous forest biogeographic province,which show World Natural Heritage value of the millions of years of ecological island evolution process and the ecological environment evolution in Holocene period.Fanjingshan is the transition zone from subtropical to temperate vegetation,the evergreen broad-leaved forest and evergreen deciduous broad-leaved forest is the main body of the Fanjingshan vegetation,and also is special example of oriental deciduous forest biogeographic province.Fanjingshan,due to it experienced a unique geological origin and ecological environment evolution process,becomes typical ecological island and shows significant ecological island effect.Meanwhile,the environmental proxies and pollen records reveal ecological environment evolution process with intense climate change in Holocene,and then show the response of vegetation to subtropical mountain climate. |
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