Study On The Coupling Of Ecology And Economy In Wanzhou District Based On InVEST And Landscape Pattern Index

Wanzhou District,the Three Gorges reservoir's economic center,is the key development area of Chongqing.For a long time,the ecological environment of the Three Gorges reservoir area is highly concerned by academic and the government.In 2013,the northeastern area of Chongqing was designated as the ecological conservation zone in the "five functional areas",which Wanzhou District was designated as the key development area of the ecological conservation zone.Therefore,it bears the burden of developing economy and protecting environment.Wanzhou District is a mountainous area,which has the sharp contradiction between people and land resource.What's more,it also has the fragile ecology and frequent natural disasters.With the rapid developing of urbanization,the ecological environment has been destroyed seriously.All above,to Wanzhou District's economic development and ecological environment coordinated development,is full of severe challenges.In this paper,firstly,the land use / cover vector data of Wanzhou District 2009 – 2014 are used to calculate the landscape pattern index.Then utilize GIS and Fragstats3.3 landscape pattern software,and combine with land use change,to analyze the Wanzhou District's landscape pattern of dynamic changes in the characteristics and rules,and find out what causes these changes.Secondly,take the land use/cover vector data of 2009 and 2014,ecological barrier protection data and Wanzhou administrative boundary data into preprocessing,and utilize the InVEST model biodiversity to evaluate the ecological environment quality of Wanzhou District,to research the spatial distribution and characteristics of habitat degradation,habitat quality and habitat scarcity in the region from 2009 to 2014.And then,we can point out the link between habitat changes and planning policies,and verify the feasibility of this model for county scale as well.At last,select the data of social economy,population and ecological environment of Wanzhou District from the data of 2009 — 2014,and combine with the landscape pattern index,to construct the evaluation index system of economic development and ecological environment coupling.The evaluation model of economic and ecological environment is taken the example of capacity coupling model in physics,which is used to discuss the trend of economic development and ecological development,and the eco-economic coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of the study area.Through the study on the characteristics and causes of landscape pattern changes in Wanzhou District,the spatial changes in habitat quality,and the coupling relationship between economic development and ecological environment,we can draw the following conclusions:(1)The landscape pattern of Wanzhou District is dominated by forest land and farmland landscape.The changes of landscape pattern from 2009 to 2014 as follows: the cultivated land,other land and construction land's area increased,but the area of forest land,garden land,grassland and water area reduced.During the study period,the landscape pattern became fragmented,landscape heterogeneity increased,and the shape tended to be regular.The degree of patch aggregation,incorporation and spread decreased,but the degree of separation increased,and the patch diversity increased,too.The main reason for this was the rapid development of urbanization,which brought the construction land expansion,occupying the woodland,garden and grass,etc.All of this,resulted in increasing the degree of patch fragmentation and patch diversity.What's more,patch interlocking leaded to a reduction of similar patches' aggregation and integration.At last,a large number of human activities made the patch shape gradually became regular.(2)The results of InVEST model habitat quality evaluation showed that,in the area of habitat degradation condition,“non-degradation” took the largest part in the study period,but it turned to be declined.The habitat level of most study area was keeping well,but the habitat degradation occurred obvious in the surrounding urban area and along the traffic construction land.The area of “no-habitat” increased,which means that the area of construction land increased.The good habitat area such as forest,orchard and grassland decreased,and the habitat appeared slight scarcity.Analysis of reasons: landscape pattern changes,the level of land accessibility and the ecological vulnerability of the study area have a significant impact on habitat quality changes.Due to the expansion of the construction land,diversity and fragmentation of the landscape pattern increased,the habitat quality degraded,the forest,grassland and waters and so on,occupied by the traffic construction land.The good habitat was divided by the human activities,consequently,the overall habitat quality level had a slight decline.(3)Through the research of coupling between economic development and ecological environment,which indicated that during the study period,the coupling between economic development and ecological environment in Wanzhou District changed complicatedly.The level of economic development fluctuated greatly.On the contrary,the ecological environment declined,and the recovery rate was slow.The coupling degree between economic development and ecological environment had been in the stage of strain,and the coupling coordination degree changed from low coordination to high coordinated,but the average level was still low.The main types of coupling coordination had two: one was environment lagged behind economic development,and the other was economic development lagged behind ecological environment.On the one hand,the economic crisis prompted the government to attract foreign investment vigorously for economic development,and thus economic grew rapidly.On the other hand,economic development consumed resource and polluted environment,so that the level of ecological environment declined.At last,the gap between economic development and ecological environment had been growing bigger and bigger,the level of coordination was low.In a summary,during the study period,the landscape pattern of Wanzhou District became fragmented,and the landscape separation increased.Its variety has important influence on the change of habitat quality.Habitat quality was affected by human active factors and natural factors,so,leaded to a slight decline in habitat quality.Habitat degradation was regular — along the urban and transport land,the habitat degradation was significantly.Due to the economic development grow fast and the quality of ecological environment declined,the coupling coordination level between economic development and ecological environment was not high.