| Chinese gallnuts are formed on Rhus plants by the Rhus Gall Aphids(Hemiptera: Aphididae: Eriosomatinae: Fordini),which include six genera and 12 species in total.Chinese gallnuts are rich in tannin acid,and the extracted products have widely been used in various field,such as medicines,chemistry-industry and foods.About 95% Chinese gallnuts distribute in China.They are usually divided into three groups: horned galls,flower-like galls and egg-like galls.It will better protect and utilize the biological resources to study the genetic diversity of the Rhus gall aphids.We analyzed the genetic diversity of the three flower-like gall aphids:Nurudea shiraii,Nurudea yanoniella and Floraphis meitanensis by using mtDNA Cytb and COI gene and the nuclear EF-1? gene sequences.We obtained the complete mitogenome sequence of horned gall aphid Schlechtendalia chinensis by using High-throughput sequencing.The main results are as following:1)We obtained the concatenated mtDNA sequences 1,088 bp in length with Cytb 438 bp and COI 650 bp,and nuclear EF-1? sequences 875 bp in length.In Nurudea shiraii,variable sites in combined Cytb and COI,and EF-1? were 25(about 2.3%)and 7(about 1.1%),respectively.In Nurudea yanoniella,variable sites in combined Cytb and COI sequences,and EF-1?were 68(about 6.3%)and 5(about 0.7%),respectively.In Floraphis meitanensis variable sites in combined Cytb and COI were 2(about 0.2%).All of the sequences owed high A+T%.2)Twenty-one haplotypes were identified in combined Cytb and COI sequences in Nurudea shiraii,the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.815±0.030 and 0.0057±0.0005,respectively;and eight haplotypes were detected in EF-1?,the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.498±0.078 and 0.0008±0.0002,respectively.A total of three haplotypes were detected in combined Cytb and COI sequences in Nurudeayanoniella,the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were0.511±0.164 and 0.0126±0.0095,respectively;and five haplotypes were detected in EF-1?,the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of haplotypes were 1.000±0.126 and 0.0046±0.0009,respectively.The data analysis showed that genetic diversity was not abundant both in N.shiraii and N.yanoniella.3)Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)of Nurudea shiraii showed that the genetic variation within populations was much higher than among populations.We separate the eight populations into two groups according to their geographic distributions and find that the genetic variation within groups was much higher than that among groups.The results showed that genetic diversity of N.shiraii is higher in populations from Yunnan than that from other populations.4)TCS network showed that different haplotypes of Nurudea shiraii grouped into different clusters without shared nodes,which indicated that there might exist a new species or subspecies in Nurudea.The TCS network and NJ phylogenetic tree of N.shiraii and N.yanoniella suggested that we could identify the Nurudea species using DNA.5)Based on Tajima's D value and distribution of bifurcation point,we could draw a conclusion that population expansion event was not supposed to happen in Nurudea shiraii,but was obviously in Nurudea yanoniella.6)The complete mitogenome of Schlechtendalia chinensis is 16,047 bp in length,consisting of 13 protein-coding genes,24 tRNA genes,two rRNA genes,a repeat region,and a control region.The genome has high A+T%with 84.2%,which was consistent with other aphids. |
PDF Full Text Request