Effects Of Body Characteristics And Song Characteristics On Extra-pair Mate Choice In The Yellow-rumped Flycatcher (Ficedula Zanthopygia)

Extra-pair mating has been observed in many socially monogamous species in birds.About 86% of Passerine birds have extrs-pair mating.Male traits has intensified over the last two decades and there are now many species of birds for which male traits associated with extra-pair mating success have been identified.We examined the factors which influenced extra-pair mating inthe Yellow-rumped Flycatcher(Ficedula zanthopygia).The research was carried in late-March to mid-July 2015-2016 in Zuojia nature reserve Jilin Province.We caught 48 pairs of Yellow-rumped Flycatcher and 245 nestings,we recorded 41 males' territorial song.We used Avisoft-SASLab Pro Software to analyze these songs;According to microsatellite markers and Cervus3.0 software to identify the paternities,The result was analyzed by SPSS and R software.Our study shows that the extrapair young(EPY)were distributed across 25 of a total 48 broods(52.08% in the pooled data;59.26% in 2015;42.86% in 2016).About 26.53% chicks were sired by the males outside the social pair bond.The genetic father could be detemined for 32 of the extrapair chicks.The extrapair young frequency(Z=-1.250,p=0.211)and males(Z=-0.146,p=0.884)did not differ markedly between the two years.We found there were no significant differences between extra pair and cuckolded males in the measured male traits(tarsi,wing length,tail lengh,body length,weight).Extra pair males had significantly higher song maximum frequency than the social males they cuckolded(Z =-0.278,p=0.029)among the seven song characteristics we selected.The higher maximum frequency(?2=6.300,p=0.017)and basic frequency(?2=9.932,p=0.003),the lower rate of extrapair young in theirs nests.In addition,we also found that the territorial song characteristics can not represent body condition(wing length/weight)in the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher.