Study On The Behavior Of Interspecific Alarm Information Between Three Secondary Cavity-nesting Birds And Neighbor Selection

We studied the interspecific relationship of secondary cavity-nesting birds in Zuojia Nature Reserve in Jilin province from February to July during 2013 and 2014.To analyse the interspecific relationship of birds by sound playback and interspecific neighbor nest distance analysis.We hunged artificial nest box to attract birds before birds begin to reproduce next generation.Any two nest box distance about 50 m.Choose Eurasian nuthatch 15 nests,the same to Great tit and Yellow-rumped flycatcher.The subjects do not distinguish natural tree holes and artificial nest boxes.We design to playback four kind of sounds.Eurasian nuthatch alarm and sing,Great tit alarm and sing.We performe the experiment under sunny and windless weather condition.The sound source is put on the place 1m up to earth,5m far to nest tree,face the nest direction.Observe bird behavior by camera record.The total playback time is 15 min,5min keep quiet,5min playback,5min continuing observe.The experiment researcher stays at the place 10 m far away to nest when the playback begins.Record bird behavior response indicators include:fly near to the sound source,alarm response,fly rapidly,shake the head,shake body,look in the nest near nest.The response intensity is different between alarm and sing of Eurasian nuthatch.The front one is higher than the later one significantly.The nests that appear behavior reponse to alarm is more than to sing.The nests that appear alarm reponse and fly papidly in trees turn many.And has a significant difference in behavior.The same condition to Eurasian nuthatch alarm.But there is no significant difference to two alarm sound.At the same time,the behavior response to sound of Great tit is similar to Eurasian nuthatch.But Yellow-rumped flycatcher do not appear designed behavior response indicators.In addition,the average nest distance is 32.67 m between Eurasian nuthatch and Great tit,the average nest distance is 78.00 m between Eurasian nuthatch and Yellow-rumped flycatcher,the average nest distance is 73.87 m between Great tit and Yellow-rumped flycatcher.The interspecific neighbor nest distance of Eurasian nuthatch and Great tit is the nearest.The interspecific neighbor nest distance of Eurasian nuthatch and Yellow-rumped flycatcher is farthest.We had proved that Eurasian nuthatch and Great tit can identify the alarm of each other by alarm sound playback.But Yellow-rumped flycatcher can not identify the alarm of Eurasian nuthatch and Great tit.At the same time we find that Eurasian nuthatch lives near to Great tit,the same to Great tit.But the Yellow-rumped flycatcher lives farther to Eurasian nuthatch and Great tit.In this condition the living area overlap degree is high.Once the predator invades they will response rapidly to defense predator together.The factor that Eurasian nuthatch and Great tit cooperate together may lead they live very near.Yellow-rumped flycatcher can not identify the alarm of Eurasian nuthatch and Great tit.There is no cooperation relationship among three birds.This may lead Yellow-rumped flycatcher lives farther to other two birds.And Eurasian nuthatch and Great tit are resident birds in same area.They have different ecological niche and feeding structure.The interspecific competition pressure is low.They face the same predator.They may take the interspecific cooperation strategy to bring the most benefit to each other during the process of evolution.