Practical Application Of RTK And Total Station Mapping

With the increasing growth of science and technology, topographic maps are more widely used in various sectors. Meanwhile, people’s requirements towards topographic maps have altered. We used to need drawings solely. But now we require electric documents as well.The above means that we shall add a procedure to the drawings that we map with traditional mapping methods. That is, we should scan the drawings and apply vectorization. However, with the development of the measurement science and technologies, RTK and total station turn up, thus making on-field digital gathering be gradually promoted and applied. But we tend to utilize the traditional measurement method with single instrument, featuring initial first-rank control layout and total station enciphered wires. Within the procedures of small-scope topographic maps or mapping, the traditional plotting methods are both time and energy wasting. In this advanced Information Technology(IT) world, thetraditional mapping methods are being replaced by the digitized ones step by step. With the assistance of informational collecting and processing digitalization and automation, digitized mapping reduces the working hours, alleviates the labor intensity and improves accuracy of the results. Both RTK and total station are indispensable instruments of digitized mapping. Both have their advantages and disadvantages as well.RTK(the real-time dynamic GPS measuring) technology is capable of efficient three-dimension positioning of the station. The accuracy can reach the centimeter-rank. It is also high-efficient and accurate. However, its coverage of application is limited by the external environment. Total station, the on-field measuring equipment, is of high-level automation, large—scope application and high accuracy. However, it can be easily restricted by the intervisibility environment and the distance if we apply it in practice, thus making it impossible to promote this equipment in reality.This thesis combines the total station and RTK mapping technology in application. It elaborated the detailed operational procedures and gave a general statement on the effects this method when we applied it to topographic and cadastre mapping. The thesis made in-depth exploration on the optimization and respective accuracy advantages and disadvantages analysis in operation. We disposed the common issues when we mapped the relative drawings according to the results. An overall introduction to the processing procedures was made based on the above-mentioned. At last, we concluded and collected the innovative views and various results of the thesis in order to meet the requirements of practical operation. We believe that the combination of RTK and total station mapping shall be the major trend of digitalization mapping.It was concluded that by my practice operating: it was more efficient than the conventional measurement method in the case that mainly adopting total station where the houses are intensive and terrain is complex while adopting RTK in cultivated lands and flat, open areas. Specifically, there are four advantages as follows:(1) Errors in mapping point measurement will not be accumulated and transmitted.(2) The previous principle of “hierarchically distributing network, controlling step by step” was overcome, and the loss of the accuracy of measurement results control caused by setting stations for several times previously was eliminated, thus the calculation process was simplified and operating efficiency was greatly improved.(3) If there is no known control point in the measurement area or the known control point is far away from the measurement area, in order to speed up the progress of mapping measurement, it can be carried out in advance in the measurement area by the assumed coordinate system and elevation system using the total station, then conducting data post-treatment by the coordinate conversion function of mapping software referring to the coordinates of the control pointsurveyed by RTK after field operation. In this case, the control time will be much shorter than previously firstly laying first level of control and then encrypting the wire mesh, which breaks the traditional “firstly controlling, afterward quick short steps” principle and saves a lot of valuable time for field operation.(4) The efficiency is very high. Related data can be completely collected at one time with the union of RTK and total station, which has avoided the personnel repeatedly entering a work zone, decreased the work load and shorted the production time.A working group can collect about 1000 coordinate data in a day in normal terrain.With the unceasing progress and development of science and technologies in practical work, the digitalization mapping is bound to witness new growth in the future.