Research On The Pattern, Risk And Regulation Of Spatial Poverty In Liupan Mountainous Areas Of Ningxia

Rural poverty space is an integral part of the social space, and its distribution characteristics and evolution mechanism has been one of the main contents of the study on rural geography and rural sociology. The research on rural poverty pattern, risk and regulation has a theoretical and practical significance for identifying the factors of poverty, making the rural poverty map and enriching the theory of rural poverty and formulating the policy of regional poverty alleviation. This study, breaking through the traditional theory of single income poverty, began to study the problem of rural poverty from the perspective of geographic space, meanwhile built the indices of the geographic capital on the village covering three aspects of nature, society and economy about 26 original indices or generate metrics.Combining geomorphological data with geographic information technology classified landforms; Using sample random sampling and layer weight distribution method calculated and distributed sample villages and households; Getting survey research data on villages and households through participatory rural assessment and snowball investigation, and the geographical capital system was decomposed to obtain the study data; With the help of BP neural network, simulated poverty alleviation factors and impoverishing factors by the support of the MATLAB2013a, and then output poverty alleviation index and impoverishing index; Through difference operation and conditional constraint obtained and identified the spatial poverty index and the poverty risk area; Finally, completing the poverty map on the counties through the powerful space express function of GIS.The study found:(1) The main reason why Liupan mountainous areas of Ningxia is poor was that its economy was backward, meanwhile economic factors, which only resulted a difference in poverty alleviation degree. However natural factors are the main impoverishing factors and the social factors in the poverty-stricken areas presents the impoverishing characteristics. (2) The poverty distribution and landform types had a strong spatial correlation. On the whole, the ability of poverty alleviation in the Valley Hirakawa District is relatively high, while the impoverishing index is relatively low; On the contrary, the loess hilly area and mountainous area were relatively high on the impoverishing index, while on the poverty alleviation were relatively low. (3) The poverty risk areas and extreme poverty areas possessed strong consistency in Liupan mountainous areas of Ningxia. The poverty risk areas were mainly located in the third columns of ArcMountains, the loess hilly of the southwest of the Hulu river, the northern of the Ru river, and the Central Arid Mountain area of Tongxin county. (4) The study also showed:high poverty degree and high risk were the results that were dominant of natural factors and the mutually intertwined of other factors. On the economic front, the poverty alleviation of the economy was not obvious for the problems on the low information degree of the life, the difficult farmer loans, contribution rate of slack farming season income; In the social aspect, a large amount of the poverty-stricken population and illiteracy rates, the incomplete coverage of the social security system, the low living quality were the main impoverishing causes; The high of the cost of distance, great topographic relief and agricultural disaster loss rate were the important natural causes of poverty. (5) Poverty was the area of poverty, and regional poverty lead to the poverty of the people. Following the basic characteristics of poverty dynamics, geography and system, the study built the basic ideas on poverty alleviation, which was "the endogenous developing, the exogenous driving", and put the targeted countermeasures for the endogenous and exogenous against poverty.