| Since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain greatly improved, "a one" of the grain pattern in China’s rural areas there, to some extent to meet the needs of farmers self-sufficient, but with one hand China to accelerate the pace of urbanization, more and more transfer of rural labor to urban, rural and land there has been idle for a certain degree of abandoned on the other hand, since November 2001 China joined the WTO, the international agricultural markets received from double squeeze test, the quantity and quality of competition, China’s grain structure urgent restructuring. At the same time, since 2004, Chinese government thirteen consecutive central document focused "three rural" issues of great significance is self-evident. The Chinese government attaches great importance to food production work in the "Thirteen Five" planning clearly stated:adhere to the most stringent farmland protection system, adhere to the red land, the implementation of storing grain on the ground, storing grain in technology strategy, to increase food production and ensure grain self-sufficiency, rations absolute security. President Xi Jinping also pointed out:"the hands of food, hearts do not panic." To ensure food security for our country’s development is of great significance in terms of food security is an absolute prerequisite to the development of other industries need to attract departments at all levels, especially in agricultural production and attaches great importance to management, agricultural science and technology for researchers, the food problem is an eternal topic, any time there is a new study points. China must firmly end jobs in their own hands to solve the problem of feeding our citizens, we must be based on the country. In this way, it gives them the rural planting platform to display their experts and space, they are also known as large grain, in the Chinese collective ownership of rural land in the background, large grain through their land transfer, contract, lease or shares, a change to a decentralized management scale operation into the film, which not only increase their own income, but also for food production and the development of the country has made tremendous contributions.Jianli County, Hubei Province and the country is well-known grain-producing counties, known as China’s "rice bag" for many years won the national food production advanced county title of model. In 2015 the county’s total grain area of 297.3 hectares, the estimated total production 1,521,800 tons, compared with last year increased 11.6 million mu, increasing 87,600 tons; agro-industrial output value reached 26 billion yuan, 2.5 billion yuan increase over the previous year, an increase of 10.6%. Jianli is a veritable army of food production, its large grain sense of competition in the market economy is also relatively strong, forming a Baotuan development, relying on the pattern of development of leading enterprises. To adapt to the context of the new normal agricultural production and management needs, support and nurture more large grain, agricultural production to ensure sustainable food production and security. In this study, Jianli County, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province large grain for the study, the main factors operating in the region of large grain food production around the impact, in the form of the questionnaire, put forward development proposals yield large counties of large grain, It aims for the rest of the large grain in particular, to provide information and policy basis for the production of Jianghan Plain county agricultural production stability and development. Specific contents of this paper can be divided into the following four parts:(1) the development stage of large grain, features, the role of large grain and seed plight currently facing large grain were reviewed; on the background of the current food production and the development and growth of large grain were presented on development of the research subject briefly described.(2) in Jianli County, Jingzhou City, for example, according to local agricultural department in charge of the information provided, based on large grain information local agricultural departments in charge, within the county planted area of 100 randomly selected in more than 100 acres of grain large for the survey, the status of production and operation of major grain-producing counties in the investigation and evaluation. Through the large grain of the investigation, including the personal circumstances of large grain and food production, the cost of investment and income, the survey showed that the age of Jianli large grain mainly mainly in the elderly,60% of large grain the education level in secondary and higher level, the level of knowledge of the basic structure of agricultural production to meet the needs of daily operation and management. Put them in food production, labor costs among the first, large grain is a major part of the expenditure, followed by further including land transfer fees, purchase of machinery, fertilizers, seeds, pesticides and other expenses. Large grain per capita income is significantly higher than the average level of local farmers, whose annual income is higher than an ordinary farmer, the source of income from food production on the one hand, there is a part of the subsidy from the government, the latter is also an important reason for its large-scale food cultivation. Jianli County representative also select large grain Chen Shuwen started as a case study, obtained large grain to get rich Lessons Learned.(3) of the main issues and the main reason Jianli large grain grain planting faced analyzed. The main problem facing food production Jianli main features:First, large grain production costs increase year by year. Large grain production in agricultural input and output ratio imbalance exists, relying on a serious government subsidies, coupled with the agricultural production is subject to the natural environment, natural and market risks being squeezed situation is still grim; the second is the quality of agricultural environment face the challenge. Jianli rural facing fertilizer pollution, pesticide pollution, livestock pollution, multiple pressures straw burning pollution, solid waste pollution, some farmers in order to increase grain yield, significantly, to engage in the frequency of use of fertilizers and pesticides, there and even the use of prohibited by the state of fake and shoddy products; Third, large grain of resilience to the test. Weak infrastructure, is still an important factor restricting the Jianli species large grain development. After the agricultural support capital investment, efficiency is difficult to perceive; Fourth, large-scale land operation face difficulties. Jianli land ownership certification is not implemented, land transfer system is not formed. Land Transfer folk mostly verbal agreement, orderly transfer of species has become a constraining institutional constraints Jianli large grain development; Fifth, the integration of agriculture-related funds borrowing difficult. Large grain lacks experience in capital operation, unwilling liabilities, policy-oriented agriculture and leverage of the play is not enough. On the other hand agriculture-related funds to support the accuracy there are doubts in the planning and design of the project is on expert advice, but few large grain of consciousness; Sixth, agricultural science and technology personnel faced fault, agricultural service rendered aging, identity socialization, benefits are not protected, peace of mind and do not result in serious loss of services in the large grain and other new business entities social services staff appeared lean, willing to engage in agricultural production, farmers are also significantly reduced. The main reason for these problems include institutional, the large grain itself and the level of social services to be improved and strengthened.(4) Based on issue Jianli large grain development, facing the analysis put forward suggestions grain-producing counties area large grain development. Including: improved policy support ways to improve the large grain revenue. Support to carry out new large grain grain whole industry chain service. The establishment of agricultural loans and agricultural insurance risk compensation mechanism to encourage financial innovation, and effectively solve the large grain rural assets, agricultural facilities and land transfer contract mortgage as security for loans difficult problem, agricultural policy to broaden the coverage and improve the payment standard; increase agricultural infrastructure infrastructure construction, promote the efficiency of the project. Spending on agricultural infrastructure, financial investment to ensure that agricultural infrastructure investment funds in the provincial budget to play a benefit. Transformation of farmland and construction of large-scale transfer of land directly linked to agriculture support funds in a planned way inclined towards key areas; speed up the land function zoning to promote large-scale and specialized production. Development of various forms of appropriate scale management of agriculture, speed up the land law, voluntary, paid circulation; strengthen the financial means to support agriculture, increase financial support. Adhere to the finance and insurance as an important guarantee for food production. For new business entities to take the implementation of large grain and other credit collection and evaluation system, financial innovation to adapt to new varieties of social needs, to adapt to the requirements of modern agriculture and the new cycle of the loan convenience-style handling procedures; clear identity agricultural science and technology personnel, improve agricultural extension personnel benefits, the implementation of office expenses, increased cultivation of large grain and agricultural training, to promote the rapid growth of large grain revenue, the first in the rural rich, to promote the development of industry, also led to the surrounding farmers, especially poor people out of poverty. |
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