| Rocky desertification is the most prominent environmental problems in karst regions. It is a direct manifestation of the karst ecosystem degradation, which severely restricted the ecological environment construction in karst region, economic and social development and the improvement of people’s living standards. Forestry construction, as the preferred way to repair the karst ecosystem, owns high quality restoration of vegetation cover karst areas and improvement of forest ecological functions, and has played an important role in the governance of rocky desertification.In this paper, we used the ETM+remote sensing image analysis to get the current rocky desertification status in Enshi. Based on the images, we studied 23 small watershed, which were contained in Enshi 2008-2012 special treatment rocky desertification projects. From the mass of data, we constructed an assessment indicator system for the rocky desertification program and a performance indicator system for the classification of the rocky desertification management. We combined Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate effectiveness of Enshi rocky desertification and forestry special governance. Based on the former methods, a "watershed instead of regional" approach was used and we got the countermeasures for the sustainable management of rocky desertification. The research results are as follows:1. There is a typical karst rocky desertification phenomenon in Enshi, The ETM+ remote sensing image analysis showed that the state has a rocky desertification area of 4 112.12 km2, accounting for 17.09 percent of the total area of the state, of which slight rocky desertification area of 1980.6 km2, medium rocky desertification area of 1 682.54 km2, severe rocky desertification area of 414.78 km2, very severe rocky desertification area of 34.2 km2. Latent rocky desertification area were 5 741.7 km2, accounting for 23.86% of the total area of the state.2. During desertification control project of Enshi between 2008-2012, the total area of rocky desertification control project area related to the territory of Enshi autonomous prefecture of 23 small watershed,watershed 1890.1986 km2,where arable 503.6704 km2,woodland area 1312.5633 km2,grassland area 6.7396 km2, other construction land,water,and other unused land 62.7786 km2.There are rocky desertification land area of 603.277 km2,accounting for 31.92 percent of the total drainage area,according to the degree of the rocky desertification,slight rocky desertification land 197.3530 km2,medium rocky desertification land 276.6700 km2,severe and above rocky desertification land 129.2540 km2. Latent rocky desertification area 422.3208 km2,accounting for 22.34% of the total basin area.3. During the project implementation,the construction funds are adopted by the mode of central financial specific investment and local government supporting. During the evaluation period,there were 90.88 million RMB to the forestry construction. Among them, the central financial specific investment is 73.29 million on RMB, accounted for 80.64 percent of the total planned investment, the local government supporting investment is 17.59 million on RMB,accounted for 19.36% of the total planned investment.To the end of 2012, the actual funds 85.80 million RMB was in place, the completion rate was 94.41%. Among them, the central government special funds in place rate was 100%, while the local matching funds in place rate was 71.13%, which was lacks of financial support from the local government.4. To evaluate the planning and implementation of rocky desertification of the forestry special projects, results show that,the planning implementation has overall been good since the rocky desertification control project implement. The comprehensive score is 85.74.There are 3277.1hm2 of artificial afforestation and 20 818.0 hm2 fenced off for afforestation in total. The vegetation construction completion ratio is 99.68%(the rate of fenced off for afforestation is 100%,the artificial afforestation is 99.56%), the planning target completion rate is 92.05%. The forest coverage has increased 1.73%,the vegetation coverage rate increased 1.72%,the overall forest coverage of construction area is 71.16% and vegetation coverage rate is 71.52%.The soil erosion reduction capacity of 3 090 000 tons of forestry since vegetation construction carried out, the soil erosion reduction rate is 0.3%, the planning target completion rate is 95.13%, the forestry science and technology contribution target completion rate is 92%.5. On rocky desertification forestry special projects classification of benefit evaluation,the results show that,the project obtained obvious ecological,economic and social benefits.Especially enhanced the functions of microclimate improving and regulation, soil conservation,water conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release etc.During the evaluation period,it got an obvious ecological benefit, the rocky desertification area increased 3 277.10 hm2,cultivated land area increased 1 349.7 hm2, soil erosion area reduced 5 500.84 hm2.The economic benefit was continuous improved; wood production is 21 804.2 m3 per year that values 16.35 million on RMB,and it also got a tourism income of 1.91 billion on RMB per year. Besides, there is an obvious social benefit, the amount of labor employment increases 10 896 days, the forest social economic status ranks in GDP above 14.5%. While, because of the implementation of the project just for a short time, the effect of governance is not special obvious, the sustainable development level of rocky desertification control project needs to improve.6. This paper proposed three modes to administer rocky desertification foresty special rectification and vegetation:closed forest, ecological forest and ecological economic forest extension models, and 12 kinds of typical planting standards.7. Through analysis on sustainability of inside and outside environment of EnShi rocky desertification control project,the paper proposes the core concept of sustainable development for rocky desertification control project, it should be insist on ecological environment governance, development of the ecological economic, and establishes the sustainable development long-term mechanism for rocky desertification treatments. |
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