Study On The Sustainable Livelihoods Of Rural Low-income People In China

In accordance with the standards of the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the rural population is divided into quintile grouping by income.20% of the lowest income group is low-income people in rural areas in China. The Chinese government raised the standard of the rural poverty alleviation to per capita net income of 2300￥. There are 12238 million poor people under the new standard, accounting for 18.3 percent of the rural population in 2011 in China. And 1.7 percent of the rural low-income people (about 11.16 million) are the instability of the non-poor. These people are highly vulnerability. The ability that they resist shocks and risks is so weak that a natural disaster or a cyclical of economic fluctuations will make them back into poverty. How to solve the problem of the 122.38 million livelihoods of the poor people? How to support that 11.16 million of the low-income populations of the poverty line, so that it no longer returning to poverty? How to improve the livelihoods of rural low-income people? How to achieve sustainable livelihoods of rural low-income people?The Chinese Government very early carries out poverty relief activities in rural area. To guide the rural poverty relief activities, it has promulgated two documents.The Outline is another programmatic document following the Seven-Year Priority Poverty Alleviation Program for guiding the poverty alleviation work in the rural areas. To help farmers solving the problem of shortage of funds, the central finance specifically allocated funds using in rural poverty alleviation interest loans. By the end of 2009, the national anti-poverty policies have achieved remarkable results. Under the standards in poverty alleviation in 2009, absolute poverty population decrease in rural; living standards of poor farmers improve; agricultural fast development; economic and social harmonious development.The problem of rural poverty has been certain the solution, but there are also some new problems. Such as special problem of poverty is difficult to solve; relative poverty becomes more and more serious; the old and new poverty intertwined situation is complex. Limited public resources can’t meet the growing financing needs. Only on the government financial support of poverty alleviation loan already can’t satisfy the needs of the rural poor. Now we need to explore a new way that it is not only with have a poverty alleviation function, but also realize the sustainable livelihood of low-income people. For this purpose, the article analyze comparison microfinance connotation and the connotation of sustainable livelihoods, establish the theoretical logic in between the sustainable livelihoods of the microfinance and rural low-income people between, and eventually find an effective way that it can achieve the sustainable livelihoods of the rural low-income people ---- developing microfinance.This paper consists of five parts, the major points and the contents of each part are as follows:Part Ⅰ:Introduction. First it propose that sustainable livelihood in rural low-income people are faced with the problem, review the domestic and foreign research status, and then discusses the research ideas and research significance.Part Ⅱ:A basic theoretical analysis framework in between microfinance and rural low-income people sustainable livelihoods. Before setting an analytical framework, the paper briefly discussed microfinance definition, target, function briefly discussed, and then discussed the connotation of sustainable livelihoods.It lay the foundation for the sustainable livelihoods framework. The paper discusses sustainable livelihoods by SLA, and emphasize analyzes mutual relations among the vulnerability context, livelihood capital, structural and institutional, livelihood strategies and livelihood output. Finally, using the most of the relationship between the five parts, I found the relationship of microfinance and sustainable livelihood in rural low-income people, and then discuss the main advantage of microfinance in achieving the sustainable livelihoods in rural low-income people. This paper say that microfinance can directly reduce the vulnerability of low-income people in rural areas, and increase its carrying capacity, can increase the livelihoods capital of the rural low-income people; can optimize the livelihood strategies of rural low-income people, can improve the livelihoods output of the rural low-income people.Part Ⅲ:Sustainable livelihood problems and causes of rural low-income people in china. The second part discusses the linking theory with microfinance and rural low-income people sustainable livelihoods, explore that the micro-credit is an effective way achieving sustainable livelihoods of rural low-income people. In order to achieve the sustainable livelihoods of rural low-income people, this section mainly analyzes the livelihoods problems of rural low-income people and causes. First, the paper analyzes that low-income people in rural face natural resources dilemma and narrow income sources and weak anti-risk ability dilemma. Second, aiming at the dilemma in rural low-income people facing, starting from social capital, natural capital, physical capital, financial capital and human capital perspective, fully discusses the financial policy, the policy, the intergenerational transmission of poverty analysis, and the reasons of the individual analysis jointly caused the rural low-income people living dilemma.Part Ⅳ:Comparative analysis of international microfinance model. The second part pointed out that microfinance is an effective way to achieve sustainable livelihoods of rural low-income people. Only well the development of micro-credit is, the sustainable livelihoods of rural low-income groups are possible to achieve. In order to develop the microfinance, we can learn the successful experience from foreign microfinance model to the development of microfinance in China. This section choose the NGO mode, financial institutions and NGO closely linked mode, the formal financial model,and carry out comparative analysis of these modes, so that provide experience and policy recommendations to improve microfinance in China.Part Ⅴ:Following the comparative analysis of the fourth part of the international microfinance model, the paper returns to the status of microfinance in China. This section first describes the status of the development of microfinance, and then analyzes microfinance institutions.Part Ⅵ:The section analyzes some of the major problems about microfinance in China, points out that microfinance has many problems. Such as service level is low, the operation and management level is haltingly, government intervention is out of excessive, and so on. Address this problem, combined with micro-credit ways to improve the sustainable livelihoods of rural low-income people in China, the paper put forward a four-point proposal.The main innovation of this paper is:First, the paper sets up the theoretical logic of the microfinance and the sustainable livelihoods of the rural low-income people. And this theory analysis applies framework is equally appropriate for solving the problems of urban low-income people sustainable livelihoods. Second, the paper finds solutions about achieving sustainable livelihoods of rural low-income people ---- developing microfinance...