Equilibrium Analysis Of Electricity Markets With Electrical Vehicles And Wind Power

Technology of electric vehicles(EV) and wind power have developed rapidly in recent years all over the world. Due to its characteristics of uncertainty and intermittence, large EV and wind power penetration in the power systems will impact on the electricity markets. Furthermore, this will affect these generators’ strategic behaviors. In the electricity markets with EV and wind power, the impacts of EV’s different competition mode and different output situation of wind power on electricity markets equilibrium results are analyzed based on game theory in this dissertation. The main work and key contributions are as follows:Firstly, assuming that EV fleet is managed by an EV aggregator to participate in the competitive electricity markets, three kinds of Cournot equilibrium model of electricity markets with EV are developed. Three models are considering EV as a price-taker, a price-influencer and owned by a monopolist generator respectively and solved by using nonlinear complementary method. The impacts of three EV competition modes on generators’ strategy behaviors and equilibrium results are analyzed. The simulation results show that the arbitrage behavior of EV aggregator charging/discharging plays obvious peak load shifting role in electricity markets and it can increase social welfare. When EV aggregators, which are regarded as a price-influencer, participate in electricity markets, it will withhold partial of charging/discharging capacity for the arbitrage, thus its role played in both peak shaving effect on market price and increase social welfare will be weaken.Secondly, considering that as a schedulable load and storage equipment EV can reduce the negative impacts of wind power uncertainty on electricity markets, two Cournot equilibrium models of electricity markets with EV and wind power are developed. The models are solved by using nonlinear complementary method. The impacts of three different cases of wind power profile, wind power penetration on equilibrium results are analyzed. The simulation results show that when EV acts as a price-influencer, for the wind power profile case that peak output of wind power occurs on demand off-peak time, the EV aggregator’s arbitrage benefit and discharge volume, as well as the smoothing impacts of the arbitrage behavior of EV aggregator on market price and conventional generators output are the highest among the three cases of wind power profile. When EV acts as a price-taker and peak output of wind power occurs on demand peak time, the social welfare is highest among all cases. When peak output of wind power occurs on peak demand time, benefits of conventional generators and EV aggregator decrease with the increase of wind power penetration.