Study On The Competitiveness Of Tourism Service Trade In China And Its Regional Differences

With the rapid development of economic globalization and trade liberalization gradually, the international trade competition is from traditional trade in goods to the emerging service trade. Tourism service trade as an important component of service trade, is one of the most rapidly growing areas in international trade today. Tourism Service Trade has become one of the main driving force of world economic growth and attracted the extensive attention of all countries in the world.Since the reform and opening up, China’s tourism industry has developed from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong, has received the leap frog development, and significantly enhance international competitiveness. China has become a world tourism power from a country of big tourist resources, is currently being actively implemented to build a world tourism power strategy. The competitiveness of tourism service trade as an important symbol of a country’s tourism development, how to enhance our country’s tourism service trade competitiveness is the key to the implementation of the world tourism power strategy. In recent years, especially after China’s entry into WTO, China’s tourism service trade is developing rapidly, expanding the scale, improving the level of development, and plays a key role in the development of China’s overall economic takeoff and tourism. But compared with the tourism developed countries, there are still some gaps. At the same time, China’s tourism service trade also exists inside the unbalanced development, it is urgent to enhance the competitiveness of China’s tourism service trade, so as to promote the healthy and rapid development of tourism service trade in China.First of all, in this paper, the concepts of tourism service trade competitiveness is parsed, and uses the comparative advantage theory and factor endowment theory and national competitive advantage theory, regional economics theory, tourism trade in services of supply and demand theory to build the theoretical basis of this study. At the same time, the paper selects competitiveness index evaluation method and competitive comprehensive evaluation method as the main research method, and makes a detailed introduction.Secondly, the paper elaborates the development of tourism services in China from the development process, development mode, development status and other aspects. There exist some problems in the tourism service trade development of China, including the tourist market distribution is not balanced, inbound tourism consumption structure is not reasonable, tourism service trade legal system is not perfect, low level of market regulation, low degree of tourism enterprise groups, international development mode of operation is blocked, tourism education development has stagnated, lack of a large number of senior talents of tourism, the development of regional tourism service trade imbalances, and so on, which establish the realistic foundation for the follow-up study.Furthermore, the paper selects four evaluation index of quantitative evaluation of the tourism service trade competitiveness, including the international market share, service trade openness, trade competitiveness index, revealed comparative advantage index, and makes the analysis of timing characteristics and international comparisons. The paper finds that China’s tourism trade service is developing rapidly, scale is continually expanding, but more volatile, and its overall competitiveness has declined; by international comparison, we can see that China’s tourism service trade competitiveness belongs to the middle level, lacks of significant competitive advantage, there is a certain gap between the developed countries.Fourth, according to Potter’s "Diamond Model" theory, the paper analyzes the factors that influence the competitiveness of tourism service trade from six aspects, tourism production, tourism demand, tourism related and auxiliary industries, tourism business strategy and competition, government, opportunity, and basing on these, the thesis builds tourism service trade competitiveness evaluation index system, using principal component analysis method for the determination of the comprehensive competitiveness of tourism trade in services of 31 provinces. It finds the competitiveness of China’s tourism service trade is "internal differences of the East West High low" characteristics, the economically developed provinces and cities is higher than the less developed provinces and cities; on this basis, using of cluster analysis to the 31 provinces and cities of tourist service trade development, these are classified as 6 main classes,10 subclasses. It also analyses the development characteristics and problems of various types, in order to provide inspiration to enhance our overall competitiveness of tourism service trade and the various provinces and cities.Fifth, basing on the former research results as well as the problem of China’s tourism service trade development, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and Suggestions to increase the competitiveness of tourism trade in services in China, from product and market, tourism industry chain, tourism enterprises, tourism talents, government and industry associations, in order to promote the rapid, healthy developments of the tourism service trade in China.