| Data provided by the International Maritime Organization shows that shipping is responsible for2.7percent of the global carbon dioxide emissions. With the development of international trade, the amount of shipping is increasing. Meanwhile, the navigation areas are expanding and the routes are increasingly dense. This development will lead to a further increase in the greenhouse gas emissions. Based on this, this paper studies the energy consumption and emissions of imported crude oil on the three courses, including Middle East, West Africa and center and South America (East and West Coast). This study aims to quantify the environmental impact loads of the three routes and propose recommend measures on this basis. This paper can provide a reference for reducing environmental impact of shipping.Firstly, this paper defines the purpose and scope of the study by the method of life cycle assessment. Through collecting data needed by energy consumption model and gas emission model, this paper calculates the fuel oil consumption of three routes in2013, and the emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxides. By using these data this study makes a more comprehensive list of data.Secondly, according to the nature of the factors of environment,this study divides the data of life cycle inventory analysis into four categories:non-renewable resource consumption, global warming potential(GWP), photochemical smog impact(POCP), acidification potential(AP). On this basis, this study calculates every kind of environmental impact by the models published by the environmental protection agency of United States. Then, this paper calculates the impact value of three routes respectively.Finally, on the basis of assessing life cycle analysis, this paper proposes recommend measures in order to reduce the environment impact on the three courses through analyzing the result of life cycle assessment. |
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