Research On The Change And Influencing Factors Of Migrant Workers In China

Chinese "shortage of migrant workers" phenomenon first occurred in southeastern coastal developed areas in 2004.Since then, "labor shortage" became more and more serious, it experienced a short disappear in 2008 because of financial crisis, then in 2010, "shortage of migrant workers" appears again and quickly spread because the economy recover after financial crisis. Now, it has become an obstacle to Chinese economic growth. Our country was regarded as an unlimited supply of labor for a long time, so appear of "shortage of migrant workers" seems like an unbelievable thing. Therefore, the "shortage of migrant workers" has aroused widespread concern in domestic, also becomes a hot topic of research in the field of economics.From the development situation of Chinese "shortage of migrant workers" since 2004 since, China’s "labor shortage" phenomenon has undergone major changes, including its characteristics of the total scale, regional structure, industry structure, the main structure, sex structure, types, time distribution and its results etc..In this paper, we will analyze dynamic change of "labor shortage", and mainly analyzes the main factors influencing the dynamic changes based on the labor flow theory. We point out that, including migrant workers subject structure differentiation, migrant workers groups within the class differentiation, regional economic development gap and wage gap reduced continuously, industrial transfer and industrial development, industrial structure and employment structure coordination, house prices and rents continued high, Hui Nong policy effects, are the main factors which leads to the dynamic changes of "migrant worker shortage". Moreover, "shortage of migrant workers" appears a growing trend in degree and scope in the existing labor supply and demand change trend, "shortage of migrant workers" is normalized.Although "shortage of migrant workers" has adverse effects, but its development also provide opportunities for Chinese economic transformation. Firstly, the change the regional flow of migrant workers is beneficial to realize balanced allocation of industrial structure and employment structure. Secondly, "shortage of migrant workers" is conducive to promoting the economic transformation of the mode of production. Thirdly, "shortage of migrant workers" can promote the mode configuration elements space adjustment, coordination of regional economic development. Fourth, dynamic changes of "migrant worker shortage" can promoted industrial transfer and industrial upgrading. Fifth, dynamic changes of "shortage of migrant workers" in favor of accelerating the urbanization process of small and medium-sized city, alleviate the excessive concentration of population to big city pressure. So we should take positive and reasonable measures to deal with the "shortage of migrant workers", promote the development of the economic transformation eventually, including continue strengthen system innovation, improve the wages and benefits level of migrant workers, accelerate industrial upgrading and structural shift, changing the enterprise labor mode and concept, promote human capital of migrant workers, establishment different mechanism of migrant workers’ return and flow, coordinated the development of urban and rural areas, etc..