The Rational Management Pattern Of Family Ranch In The Edge Area Of The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Compared with other countries of animal husbandry, our ranch is very unenlightened, the main backwordness is the unreasonable factors in animal husbandry management and mode of operation, which lead the grassland degeneration、the decline of the livestock quality of products, finally lead that the herdsmen can not get the enough money for the relatively comfortable life, in order to solve the problem,this study considers the need of the herdsmen,analyses the bottleneck problem of the ranch development, this study selects Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Tianzhu county, we survey the life situation of the herdsmen via interviewing the people on the street and the people in their home, through these methods, we can know the need of the herdsmen, and we record the information on the questionnaire, finally we get the following result:(1)The livestock grazing management mode has experienced three stages in the periphery of Tibetan Plateau, they are nomadic system of feudal serfdom、nomadic system of socialism、household contract system of socialism, the herdsman is constantly improving the Livestock grazing management mode so as to match the improvement of productivity;(2)The herdsman has realized the grassland degradation, but most of the herdsman reject the anti-grazing livestock for conservation grassland as the way of restoration of grazing system, while most of them select the improvement of grazing system as the way of restoration of grazing system, which means that local herdsman has realised the important of the livestock grazing management mode;(3)The productive relations must be adjusted to match the productive forces. As a kind of productive relations,when the livestock grazing management mode macth the productive forces of the pasturing area, it will increase the positivity and improve the local economy, on the contrary, it will decrease the positive and positive the local economy;(4)more than 50% of the herdsman thought that the livestock grazing management mode can affect their income directly, so they hope to improve it to increase their income;(5)The contract-responsibility system of family is implemented since the 20 centry 80’s, at the first time of implementing, it did liberate the productive forces and increase the positivity, but as time went on, this livestock grazing management mode led to same problem, such as:the quality of the livestock was going down, disease, grassland degeneration, which mean that livestock grazing management mode didn’t match the productive forces any more;(6)The survey in Tianzhu showed that in the four kinds of livestock grazing management mode, the herdsman in Tianzhu accepted the Classification management for grazing grassland, more than 50% of the herdsman select it as the new livestock grazing management mode in future, which means that this mode is relatively easy to implement.(7)The survey showed that, the local need to raise about 120-159 sheep per family,they can reach the economy of scale, when the herdsman increase the number of the sheep to 260-299 sheep per family, they can reach another economy of scale, and when they raise 30-39 yark per family,they can reach the economy of scale. If the herdsman want to reach the stage of a well-off life, they would better raise about 120 sheep per family,168-222.6m2 covered,300 winter grassland and 10ha artificial grassland.