The Study On Production Factors Combination Of China Family Ranch

China is a large producer of grassland animal husbandry,and the family pasture is the main production unit in China.In recent years,the price rise of animal husbandry products has not led to the rapid development of the economy of pastoral areas,which buried hidden trouble to the grassland ecological due to excessive grazing.The use of production factors determines the level of income.Therefore,it is very important to explore the way of combining the factors of production of herds in the pastoral areas to improve the income of herdsmen and realize the sustainable development of green ecology in pastoral areas.In view of the fact that there are few studies on the factors of production of family ranch and the lack of systematic analysis of the framework and research methods,in this work,the factors of family ranch production and their combination were studied in the respects of the changing characteristics of the production factors of Chinese family ranch,measurement and improvement of combination efficiency of production factors,combination of production factors on the production frontier,optimization of factor combination under new animal husbandry business model.The characteristics of the change of production factors in Chinese family ranch were studied based on the demarcation and sorting out about related concepts and theories.The differences of the results from the production technology efficiency measures of factor combination in different grassland climate zones and different farming scales based on parametric and nonparametric methods were compared after standardizing of production factors.The efficiency promotion path was studied in the aspects of intrinsic combination and external influence based on slack variable estimation,Tobit model,CLAD model and efficiency loss function.In the combination of fixed grassland and capital,the inputs of other elements on the production frontier were researched considering the ecological constraints and factor opportunity costs by solving the decision model of family ranch production and operation based on linear programming,and the production frontier factor combination with purpose efficiency and scale was studied.Finally,the action mechanism of the three new animal husbandry business models of hosting,technical services and ecotourism to production factor combination was studied in the form of cases.To protect the whole systematic of the paper,the empirical data of all chapters is from the Chinese pastoral area field research.The results show:(1)The production factors of Chinese family ranch have the characteristics of serious aging in labor force,difficulty in capital accumulation and fragile grassland.(2)Family ranch production efficiency is generally low,and there are significant differences in different climate zones or operation scale.The technical efficiency mean based on DEA and SFA are especially 47.5%and 55.39%,and at the current level of technical application,the efficiency of 600?700 standard sheep unit farming scale is relatively high.(3)Improving the level of labor production technology and management capacity to improve the efficiency of grassland and capital use is the essential way to improve the efficiency of family ranch production.Labor as a driving force directly determines the use of land element and capital element.And at present,the redundancy of grassland or capital investment exists in about 60%family ranch production.These methods all contribute to the improvement of the production efficiency that participating in government training and cooperatives,optimizing the age structure of practitioners,improving the qualifications of employees.(4)With the improvement of production efficiency,when the production of family ranch reaches the frontier,the combination of factors changes regularly with the production scale change.When the scale of production is constant,the higher the capital and land input ratio,the less the required labor force investment.When the scale of production gradually expands,the ratio of labor force and livestock gradually decreased.In small-scale farming,a combination of less land and more capital is profitable,and in large-scale farming,the combination of more land and less capital is profitable.Based on the definitions of own labor and hired workers in family ranch,the predicted development trend of factor combination of Chinese family ranch production is:4000-5000 standard acres of grassland,5?6 labors,1000 standard sheep unit livestock and the right amount of capital investment.(5)In new type of animal husbandry production and operation mode,the improvement of unit productivity and unit capital utilization played an important role in improving the combination efficiency of animal husbandry production factors.